【作者】 吕立志；

【导师】 李宗植；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 马克思的资本理论是马克思主义理论中的经典和精华,对其进行当代性的认识和研究,不仅深刻地影响着人们对当今世界的正确判断,而且深刻地影响着我国社会主义市场经济的建设和实践。资本已成为当代社会的核心范畴,并在政治、经济、文化和社会领域内不断产生互动的内聚力和扩张力。随着资本主义国家生产关系的不断变化和我国社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善,我们对马克思资本理论当代性问题的研究已超越了单纯的价值判断的方式,较多地着眼于当代的变化,依托现实的经济载体、社会载体去分析问题和解决问题。资本现实给予我们的是更加丰富的思想、观念和方法,更多的是作为社会历史过程存在着、发展着和变化着的资本形态。因此对马克思资本理论当代性研究是一个包含着从内容到形式、理论到实际、方法到对象的社会经济综合体,其中不仅有资本与一定社会制度相联系的特殊性,更有资本作为当代经济关系的普遍规定性;不仅有资本所反映的一般的传统的经济和社会关系,而且有现代市场经济条件下新增的经济和社会关系。本文以资本形态嬗变为视域,展开对马克思资本理论当代性思考和研究,以期证明马克思资本理论在当代经济社会发展中的理论地位和实践意义。通过对马克思资本理论的再认识和思考,本文在阐述马克思资本理论的出发点和归宿点、资本理论分析的层次性和矛盾性、对资本形态的初步论述等内容的基础上,首先,对资本形态嬗变从物质基础、演变过程和人格化需求等多个方面进行了历史和现实的考察,说明了资本从单一的物质资本形态向虚拟资本、人力资本、社会资本等形态并存发展的当代现实;其次,对资本形态嬗变的动因从资本本性、自然法则、社会和谐理念、社会责任等方面进行分析,阐明了资本形态嬗变的根本动因、客观动因、主观动因和社会动因;接着,具体分析了资本形态嬗变形成的社会化、国际化和人性化发展的三大趋势,说明了当今时代还是资本居于中心地位的时代,资本所容纳的全部生产力还没有完全发挥出来,当代西方发达国家生产力的发展不仅仅是科学技术等因素缓解了资本主义基本矛盾、劳资关系,同时也是资本形态嬗变为生产力的发展提供了新的社会经济条件;最后,实证分析了资本形态在当代中国经济社会发展中的运用,提出运用马克思的资本理论,尤其是资本形态多样性的发展,在构建社会主义和谐社会中的实际作用,从而彰显马克思资本理论的指导地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marx’s theory of capital is the classic and the essence of Marxist theories. The study of its contemporariness has a profound impact not only on the people’s correct judgment of the world today, but also on the construction and practice of China’s socialist market economy. Capital, the core concern of the contemporary society, constantly provides an impetus for the progress of the politics, economy, culture and society. With the ever-increasing change of production relations in capitalist countries and the improvement of China’s socialist market economy system, our research on the issue of the contemporariness of Marxist theory of capital is not limited in the mere judgment of values any more. More research efforts have been made in the contemporary changes and in the reliance on the economy and society as carries in the reality to analyze and solve the actual problems. The reality of capital gives us more ideas, concepts, methods, and more importantly, the morphology of capital which keeps developing and changing in the social historical process. Therefore, the research on the contemporariness of Marxist capital theory is an integrated approach which involves different elements of capital in the society and in the history from its contents to its form, its theory to its application and its methods to its objects. This research covers the peculiarities of capital as a link to a certain social system and the universalities of capital as a provider for the contemporary economic relations. Furthermore, the research also includes not only the traditional economic and social relations generally reflected in the capital, but also the new economic and social relations in modern market economic conditions. The thesis, with a vision of the morphological evolution of capital, provides some new ideas for and new approaches to the study of the contemporariness of Marxist theory of capital, attempting to prove the status and the practical significance of Marxist theory of capital in the contemporary economic and social development.On the basis of the reconsideration of the Marxist’s capital theory, the elaboration of the starting point, the practical application of Marx’s capital theory, its hierarchical and contradictory aspects, the thesis, first of all, studies the morphological evolution of capital from the material foundation, the process of evolution, the requirements of personality and many other aspects with a special focus on the development of capital from a single material form to a virtual capital, human capital and social capital in the contemporary era. Secondly, the thesis analyzes the reason why capital evolves from the aspects of the nature of capital, the natural law, the concept of social harmony, and social responsibility with a description of the fundamental motivation, objective motivation, subjective motivation and social motivation of the capital morphological evolution. Thirdly, the thesis proceeds to analyze the three major trends in the capital morphological evolution, namely, socialization, internationalization and individualization and the development on the basis of humanism, in an effort to reveal that capital is still the center of our times, the productivity latent in capital has not been brought into full play and that the development of productivity in contemporary western developed countries not only eases, by means of science, technology and other factors, the basic contradictions of capitalism and labor relations, but also provides a new socio-economic condition for the development of productivity through the capital morphological evolution. Finally, the thesis makes an empirical study of the utilization of capital morphological evolution in contemporary China’s economic and social development with the conclusion that the use of Marx’s theory of capital, especially the theory of the development of varieties of capital, has a practical significance in constructing the harmonious socialist society in China, thus shedding light on the prominence of Marxist theory of capital as our guiding principle.更多还原