海滨锦葵种子油脂提取及制备生物柴油研究

【作者】 杨庆利；

【导师】 秦松；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（海洋研究所） ， 海洋生物学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 生物柴油是绿色清洁可再生能源,大力发展生物柴油对解决影响我国经济可持续发展的能源危机和环境危机具有重要意义。本文就海洋滩涂能源油料植物海滨锦葵油脂的提取和制备生物柴油技术进行了研究。1、利用超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取海滨锦葵籽油。结果表明超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取海滨锦葵籽油的最佳工艺参数为:萃取压力25MPa,萃取温度45℃,CO2流量18kg.h-1,萃取时间为120min,在该工艺条件下萃取三次,海滨锦葵籽油萃取率达到19.35%。2、以海滨锦葵籽仁为原料,利用水酶法提取海滨锦葵籽仁油。水酶法提取海滨锦葵籽油的最佳工艺参数为:酶用量0.024ml.g-1,提取温度63℃,固液比1/6,提取时间为230min,在该工艺条件下海滨锦葵籽油提取率达到24.28%。3、海滨锦葵油制备生物柴油的最佳工艺参数为:搅拌强度为1800r.min-1,催化剂KOH用量为海滨锦葵油质量的1%,醇油摩尔比6/1,反应时间50min,反应温度65℃,在该工艺条件下,酯交换反应三次,酯交换率达到97.8%。4、利用固定化脂肪酶Novo435催化海滨锦葵油酯交换制备生物柴油。结果表明海滨锦葵油固定化脂肪酶催化法制备制备生物柴油的最优工艺参数为反应温度47℃,反应时间31h,催化剂用量18%,搅拌强度900r.min-1,醇油摩尔比3.2/1。在该工艺条件下酯交换率达到92.68%。5、利用超临界法制备生物柴油,结果表明海滨锦葵油超临界法制备生物柴油的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为300℃,反应压力为12MPa,反应时间为9min,搅拌强度为300r.min-1,醇油摩尔比为30/1。在此条件下,酯交换反应三次,酯交换率可达97.62%。6、利用超声波辅助法制备生物柴油。结果表明海滨锦葵油超声波辅助法制备生物柴油的最佳工艺参数为:超声波功率为180W,催化剂KOH用量为海滨锦葵油质量的0.6%,反应温度65℃,醇油摩尔比7/1,在该工艺条件下酯交换反应三次,酯交换率达到99.85%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biodiesel is green, clean and regenerative energy. It plays an important role to solve the energy crises and environmental crises influencing the sustainable development of our country’s economy.Oil extraction and transesterification of Kosteletzkya virginica seeds were researched in this paper.1、The optimal technological parameters of oil extraction from Kosteletzkya virginica seeds by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology should be as follows: extraction pressure 25MPa, extraction temperature 45℃, supercritical CO2 flow18kg.h-1 and extraction time 120 min, and under such conditions, the total oil extraction rate after extractionthree times is19.35%.2、The optimal technological parameters of oil extraction from Kosteletzkya virginica seeds by the aqueous enzymatic extraction technology should be as follows: the ratio of enzyme to seeds0.024 ml.g-1, extraction temperature 63℃, the ratio of solid to water1/6 and extraction time 230 min, and under such conditions, the total oil extraction rate is24.28%.3、The optimal technological parameters of oil transesterification from Kosteletzkya virginica oil should be as follows: the rate of rotation 1800r.min-1, catalyst dosage 1%, mole ratio of methanol to Kosteletzkya virginica oil 6/1,reaction time 50min and reaction temperature 65℃, and under such conditions, the total oil transesterification ratio after transesterification three times is 97.8%.4、The optimal technological parameters of oil transesterification from Kosteletzkya virginica oil tocatalyzed by the immobilized enzyme Novo435 should be as follows: reaction temperature47℃, reaction time 31h, the rate of rotation 900r.min-1, the mole ratio of methanol to Kosteletzkya virginica oil 3.2/1,catalyst dosage 18% and under such conditions, the total oil transesterification ratio is 92.68%.5、The optimal technological parameters of oil transesterification from Kosteletzkya virginica oil by the supercritical methanol transesterification technology should be as follows: reaction temperature 300℃,reaction pressure 12Mpa,reaction time 9min,the rate of rotation 300r.min-1 and mole ratio of methanol to Kosteletzkya virginica oil 30/1, and under such conditions, the total oil transesterification ratio after transesterification three times is 97.62%.6、The optimal technological parameters of oil transesterification from Kosteletzkya virginica oil by the ultrasonic-assisted transesterification technology should be as follows: ultrasonic power 180W, catalyst dosage 0.6%, reaction temperature 65℃and mole ratio of methanol to Kosteletzkya virginica oil 7/1, and under such conditions, the total oil transesterification ratio after transesterification three times is 99.85%.更多还原