【作者】 齐殿伟；

【导师】 尹豪；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 发展是全球共同关注的一个主题,而经济增长则是发展的前提。经济学理论认为,影响一个国家或地区经济增长的因素一般分为外生增长因素和内生增长因素。本文的目的就是对影响经济增长的内生增长的重要因素-人力资本进行分析。人力资本作为经济增长的源泉,是推动经济发展的重要引擎,也是经济持续、快速、健康发展的不竭动力。快速提高人力资本的存量和水平是经济增长方式从粗放型向集约型转变、实现跨越式发展、缩小区域差距的重要动力和途径。东北地区在我国具有重要的地位,不仅对我国50多年来的经济发展做出过重要贡献,而且在我国未来的现代化建设中仍具有十分重要的战略地位。东北地区教育科研水平发达,人力资本存量丰富。但是由于种种原因,东北地区经济发展水平明显落后于国内其他发达地区。因此,国家在2003年实施振兴东北的战略。振兴战略实施以来,东北地区经济有所发展,但与发达省份相比还有一定的差距,人力资本对经济增长的作用并没有充分发挥出来。本文对此展开论述。首先,对人力资本与内生经济增长的相关理论进行了总结与分析,从理论上阐述了人力资本在经济增长中的重要性;然后对东北地区人力资本形成与现状进行统计与分析;接下来论述了人力资本对东北地区经济增长的贡献,同时剖析了人力资本对东北地区经济增长的作用没有充分发挥出来的问题及原因;并以吉林省为例,对人力资本在经济增长中的作用进行了实证分析,结果表明:东北地区的经济增长与人力资本积累存在较为密切的相关关系,但人力资本对经济增长的贡献率比较低,东北地区的经济带有明显的以物质资本投入为主要动力的、粗放式的增长特征。同时对世界上发达国家在振兴老工业基地、发展经济过程中,发挥人力资本作用的经验进行了分析与借鉴,最后提出对策建议:实现东北地区经济增长,应该解放思想,转变观念,提升人力资本整体水平,合理配置人力资本,并建立有效的人力资本激励机制,实现人力资本与物质资本协调发展,同时进行相关体制和配套改革。更多还原

【Abstract】 Development is a topic that the world pays much attention to, and the economic growth is the premise of development. There are endogenous and exogenous factors in affecting the economic growth of a country or area. The purpose of the dissertation is to analyze the human capital that is the most important factor in affecting endogenous factors. The human capital is a powerful engine to push economic growth as the source of modern economic growth. Fast promoting level and accumulation of the human capital is the important motive power and way to change economic growth mode from extensive way to intensive way, to carry out the development and to narrow the region gap. On the international and domestic economic background economic growth is decided not by the amout of the nature resource but by the human capital and human capital exertion efficiency which has been proven by many countries development. The fact that the Republic of Korea and Japan’s quick economic growth by strongly developing the human capital also proves this.Although many developing countries follow the example of the pattern,the effect is not ideal which illustrates the human capital functions to economic growth needs some conditions.The north-east region has important situations in China which has contributions on the economic development in the past fifty years and at the same time has strategy effect on the economic development of China in the future. The level of the education and research is high,and the human capital amout is very abundent in the north-east region.For various reasons, economic development in the north-east region now obviously drops behind other developed regions. The country has begun to carry out the policy to revitalize the old industrial base in the north-east region since 2003. Some achievements have been got because of the revitalization strategy implementation, but the north-east region still drops behind contrasting to the developed areas. Advantage of the research and human capital do not promote economic growth as expected. The resources sharply are consumed, the environment worsens and the eco-system service function descends.It is difficult to maintain economic sustainable growth. At the same time, the north-east region is the region that carried out national instruction plan with the widest scope, the biggest amount and the longest time. Because of the influence of the planned economy system for a long time, people’s idea and the government administration management can not satisfy the demand to develop market economy. Therefore, the idea must be changed in order to adapt to the new reform situation in the north-east economic development. At the same time the economic development in the north-east region should also gradually change to depend on science, technology and human capital level promotion gradually, and realize economic sustainable growth on this basis.Therefore, the research on contributions of the human capital to economic growth has important ,realistic and strategic meanings in the north-east region.On the international economic background, the world is at the development stage whose characteristic is the knowledge-based economy.This makes the world economic growth pattern depends on knowledge production, proliferation and application. With knowledge and technology innovation, effective use of resources can realize the sustainable economic development and promote the harmonious unification of the nature, society and economy. But the creation and dissemination of knowledge and information depends on human beings, and the human capital investment and accumulation problem need to be solved. On the domestic economic background, In China there is much population and the resources are limited, we should effectively make use of human resources while economizing on the use of a limited natural resources. the way of the economic growth in China is changing from the extensive way to the intensive mode, so the human capital is the key resource that a successful transformation depends on. Natural resources,weak ecosystem environment and sustainable development have to depend on scienctific technical innovation and development which put forward pressing demand to the north-east old industrial base. At the same time the national policy gives the north-east old industrial base a good development opportunity and possibility of the investment inclination. Thus, to change economic growth mode and realize the continuous,healthy and fast development and narrow the gap is the key to enhance economic strength and improve the people living level for the north-east region. In the long run,growth is of the first importance. It is important to study on human capital and apply the theory of the human capital on the practice in order to revitalize the old industrial base in the north-east region and speed the economic development.So,this dissertation researchs on the human capital and role of human capital to economic growth in the north-east areas,emphasis on the contribution of human capital to the economic growth of the north-east region, and discusses the problems and the reasons why the human capital function can not be exerted. Finally,the dissertation puts forward countermeasures and suggestions of exploring and utilizing human capital. This dissertation is totally divided into three parts.The first part emphasizes on the background of the topic and the significance of the research, and then introduces the domestic and international research status, the way of thinking and the framework for the dissertation.The second part is the main portion of the dissertation, it contains five chapters:Chapters 1 evaluates the related theories about economic growth and human capital.At the same time sums up the theory and model of economic growth. It discusses the relationship between human capital and economic growth, and illustrates the role of the human capital on economic growth. Stock increase of the human capital is an effective way to raise the production efficiency.The increase of the human capital investment can not only raise the efficiency of its own production, but also other kinds of production efficiency. The human capital can directly promote the economic growth, and speed the economic growth by accelerating improvements of science and technology. The fact that Germany and Japan’s quick economic growth after the second-world war by strongly developing the human capital also proves this.Chapter 2 analyzes the present conditions of the economic growth and human capital in the north-east region.Chapter 3 is the key part of the whole dissertation. This part which is the key portion of the chapter,also analyzes and summarizes the contribution of human capital to the economic growth of the north-east region, and discusses the problems and the reasons why the human capital function can not be exerted. Economic growth of extensive way in the north-east region can not conform to the higher human capital level. Generally speaking, economic growth in extensive way means low technology level with higher investment and consumption.The low human capital level leads to the shortage of production technique creation ability and the period of technique renewal will lengthen. Thus production efficiency will be low, and intensive economic growth are not carried out in the north-east region. Extensive economic growth way appears more obviously contrary to the higher level of the human capital. And the advantage of human capital condition can not be utilized and the human capital investment and the structure still have many problems. The human capital potential can not get well exertion. Because low human capital utilization leads to technique creation ability caused by human capital, so the whole low technique level makes it very difficult to get the elevation motive of the production efficiency from the human capital by the other factors. The main reason lies in the economic and cultural development levels, the society development and progress and systems.Chapter 4 takes Jilin province as an example, and carries on an empirical evidence analysis on human capital function to economic growth. The result of the empirical evidence analysis is that the human capital investment has important value and function to the economic growth.Economic growth and human capital in the north-east region have a more close relation, but the human capital contribution rate is not equal to material capital. The economy in the north-east region has characteristic of the extensive way with the material capital being the main driving force of economic growth. At the same time,analyzes and draws on the experience that the developed countries explored and utilized human capital in order to revitalized the old industrial base.Chapter 5 puts forward countermeasures and suggestions of exploring and utilizing human capital in order to promote economic growth in the north-east region of China. This part of dissertation presents some suggestions in order to utilize human capital function. In order to realize sustainable development in the north-east region, we can not sacrifice resources and environment but promote the human capital level, change economic growth mode, relieve thought and change idea. Therefore economic growth can not rely on material capital investment and natural resources as main drive, but human capital should conform to material capital to promote economic growth.We should allocate human capital reasonably, and build up effectively encouraging mechanism to make full use of human capital advantage. Moreover, related systems including economic systems should be reformed.The third part is the conclusion. Main conclusions are derived after theoretical and empirical evidence analysis:(1) Economic growth and human capital in the north-east region have a more close relation that improves human capital of the north-east region has important value and role to economic growth.Although material capital investment is the main drive of the economic growth in the north-east region, human capital shows an important drive role to economic growth. Fast promoting level and accumulation of the human capital is the important motive power and way to change economic growth mode from extensive way to intensive way, to carry out the development and to narrow the region gap in the north-east region.(2) The contribution rate of the human capital to economic growth is very low. The economic growth of the north-east region is caused by the investment, and it is a typical economic growth model which is driven by investment which contradicts higher human capital. The human capital potential can not get well exertion which leads to the slow speed of the economic growth and increases risk of the macro-economic function.(3) We have to carry out the strategy that human capital and material capital develop moderately in order to economize the natural resources, protect environment, realize sustainable development,and change the developing mode of the economic growth.(4) The north-east region is subjected to influence of the planned economy system for a long time, so the north-east region should relieve thoughts and renew ideas in order to make full use of human capital.(5)The government has power to formulate systems for the developing countries.For the whole the north-east region is the transformation stage from capital driven to technology driven.The speed of the revitalization will become quicker if the govenment formulates the proper systems and policies to exert the human capital potential.While carrying on theory research and analysis, some standpoints and analysis may not be abundant and clear due to the writer’s limitation of knowledge and ability. The topic of the dissertation involves a very great scope, so the research range and depth still need further exertion, because the economic development stage is still changing,further study is needed according to the changing situations.更多还原