【作者】 吴颖；

【导师】 蒲勇健；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 中国自1999年启动财政预算改革,改革重点从收入转移到支出管理,重构执行过程,以进一步强化公共支出的作用。由于当前区域总体差距的“马太效应”日益突出,在区域经济增长水平与质量方面差距日趋增大,本研究力图从公共支出体系角度寻求实现区域协调增长的具体政策措施及路径,以达到发挥公共支出在建立和谐社会、维持社会公平方面的重要作用,避免偏离社会发展整体目标,以更高目标追求公平和效率的统一。将公共支出政策放入空间和时间视角下进行分析,拓展了公共支出政策对经济协调增长作用目标和作用机制的研究方法,同时,通过量化公共支出政策作用于经济协调增长的贡献度,能较综合地从时间维度和空间维度考察公共支出政策对经济增长协调性的作用,丰富了区域经济协调增长和公共财政支出的理论体系,具有重要的理论意义。公共支出政策在国家及区域经济协调增长、消除区域差异,实现共同发展和共同富裕日益起到不可替代的作用。正确的公共支出政策可以促进区域产业聚集和区域经济增长,系统的区域公共支出政策设计能有效缓解区域差距,消除区域发展不平衡现状。当前,我国公共财政支出改革正处于重要的转型时期,研究公共支出政策和区域经济增长和协调发展为政府提供决策依据已经成为当务之急,对当前我国建设和谐社会的目标具有重要现实意义。(1)本文主要研究内容:本论文从公共支出政策的区域角度出发,对公共支出政策在我国区域经济协调增长中的空间影响机制和时间收敛趋势进行深入研究,分析了公共支出政策的区域空间协调目标,构建了相关区域系统福利函数模型,对现行的区域公共支出政策给出了模型解释和支撑。在此基础上,研究区域公共支出政策在区域区位上对“公平”和“效率”的协调机制。在区域增长的时间收敛趋势变动中分析区域公共支出政策的协调作用和贡献度大小。由此揭示的现象、得出的结论及提出的政策建议,为促进公共支出政策对区域经济增长的“公平”与“效率”的协调及区域间经济收敛的增长协调,提供新的思路和建议。(2)本文主要创新之处:1)基于空间经济学中心—外围模型分析框架,定义了公共支出政策的空间协调目标函数,揭示了受区域公共政策影响的区域福利水平的变化规律。针对区域空间“块状经济”特征的性质,创新性地构建区域系统福利模型,从空间视角阐释进行地区公共支出政策优化的重要性和必要性。2)对改革开放后区域差距的原因,从公共支出政策角度,从影响区域制度环境基础、影响东西部地区制度变迁绩效、及影响公共支出绩效等方面进行阐释。应用局部溢出(Local Spillover)模型及其扩展模型结合区域间的交易成本、公共支出政策,区域空间集中度及区域间名义收入差距等因素,研究了区域公共支出政策对于经济增长的空间公平与效率问题的协调机制。3)扩展新古典经济增长模型,刻画了公共资本和非生产性公共支出对区域经济增长和收敛的影响。采用1990-2005年31个省份面板数据,区分公共资本和非生产性支出,在测算基于省区样本的公共资本存量基础上,借助计量方法实证检验公共支出政策在我国区域经济增长协调收敛中的作用,较好地考虑公共支出政策的区域空间地带对经济增长趋同的影响,分析了区域公共支出政策在时间和空间维度上对于区域经济增长收敛的作用路径和贡献度。(3)本文的主要结论是:1)区域空间的适度集聚是区域福利最优条件。适度集聚会带来区域系统福利的增加,过度集聚则会带来负外部性,并会对区域系统福利带来损失,政府改善区域间集聚水平将有助于最终获得区域总福利最优。研究结果有力地支撑了我国以往公共支出政策的不平衡发展战略,并对当前区域差距扩大和进行公共支出政策调整的必要性提出了新的理论模型解释。2)经济建设和基础设施等方面的区域扶持的公共支出政策在时间趋势上对区域经济增长收敛起到正效应,但在区域经济空间布局上,会加剧区域的空间发展不均衡,在满足效率的同时会带来牺牲“公平”的代价。因此,区域扶持的公共支出政策制定应注重结构和规模,兼顾空间布局和推进阶段,实现协调发展。3)有利于技术溢出的公共支出政策能够在时间趋势和空间布局上同时存在正的外部性,对于区域经济增长收敛和空间分布均衡,以及区域系统整体的经济增长起到促进作用。加大有利于技术外溢的公共支出,是实现区域经济在“公平”和“效率”、时间和空间中的协调发展的必由之路,具体而言主要指包括电讯、互联网、人力资本的形成以及交通运输方面及教育、公共卫生等公共支出政策。4)经济趋同模型表明,尽管我国经济取得快速增长,但是省区经济非均衡增长的矛盾并未根本解决,区域经济总量差距较大,但增长速度出现趋同趋势。在区分生产性公共支出和非生产性公共支出的基础上,对绝对收敛速度测算发现非生产性公共支出对区域经济收敛作用显著为负,生产性公共支出对区域收敛的作用为正,且包括企业挖潜改造等技术支撑的公共支出政策对区域经济收敛的作用显著为正。在此基础上,为增强区域经济增长的协调性,加大中、西部地区的公共支出,特别是公共资本性支出,政策、基金方面偏向西部地区,加快趋同速度。5)本文认为优化区域公共支出政策的原则在于:保证区域系统福利最大化,兼顾“公平”与“效率”,时间与空间是政策调整的基本维度及提高区域集中度在于区域加强区域集聚条件平衡等原则。同时本文指出区域公共支出政策的应避免的误区:即区域扶持政策的有限性,适度贸易壁垒的合理性,区域一体化政策的条件性等。并在分阶段推进基础设施建设、加强区域技术外溢、深化宏观财政调控等方面提出政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since China launched budget reform in 1999, the focus of reform has transformed from income transfer to expenditure management and implementation of the reconstruction, which is in order to further strengthen the role of public expenditure. Due to "Matthew Effect", the overall gap between regions has become increasingly prominent at the regional level of economic growth and quality. This paper sought to figure out specific path and policy to boost regional economy growth coordinative from the perspective of public expenditure system. And this will be useful to establish a harmonious society and maintain social fairness while avoid deviating from overall objective to pursue higher goals of fairness’s uniform with efficiency.From the Perspective of space and time, the analysis not only enriches the effectiveness of public expenditure policy and methods, but also quantifies the effect on the results of economic growth research. Also it improves the measurement of public expenditure policies’ impacts on economic growth from a more precise time dimension and space dimension perspective and enriches regional economic growth and public finance expenditure theory system. Therefore it is of great theoretical significance.Public expenditure policy plays a irreplaceable role in boosting national and regional coordinative economic growth, eliminating regional differences and achieving common development and common prosperity. The proper public expenditure policy can promote regional industry centralizing, regional economic growth, and the systematic regional public expenditure policy also can alleviate regional disparities, eliminate unbalanced regional development situation. Currently, China’s public administration is experiencing an important transition period, it’s top priority to study public policy expenditure, regional economic growth and harmonious development to provide a basis for decision making. And this answer the requirement to launch a harmonious society.(1)This paper studies:From the perspective of regional public, this paper intensively researches spatial influence mechanism of public expenditure policy’s impact on regional economic coordinative development and time convergence trend, analyses the goal of public expenditure policy’s regional space coordinative objectives, builds up the relevant regional system’s welfare function model, and last supplies model analysis and supports to the existing regional public expenditure policy. On this basis, this paper studies the "fairness" and "efficiency" of public expenditure policy’s coordinative mechanism. In time convergence of regional growth trend, this paper also analyses public expenditure policy’s functions and contributions. These consequent phenomenon, conclusion and proposal supply new ideas and suggestions about how to promote regional economic growth’s "fairness" and efficiency, and inter-regional economic growth convergence.(2)Innovation:1) In response to the regional "block economic" characteristics and under the outline of centre-periphery model, I redefine regional welfare system and elaborate on the significance and necessity of optimizing public expenditure policy. I examine the model with MATLAB simulation technology and demonstrate explanation power of policy and mechanism.2) The paper analyses the status quo of regional economy disparity and reasons of public expenditure policy. This chapter describes regional public expenditure disparity and the regional disparity after reform and opening up policy and explain the reasons for these policy. This paper uses local overflow (Local Spillover) model, expansion model, inter-regional transaction costs, regional economic growth, industrial clusters, public expenditure policy variables, as well as regional focus on space and nominal inter-regional income disparity to analyze the regional public expenditure policy’s contribution mechanism to inter-zone economic growth3) The paper uses 31 provinces’ panel data in 1990-2005 periods to distinguish public investment (public capital) from non-productive expenditure and make expansion for neo-classical economic growth model. On the basis of estimating samples of provincial stock of public capital, and with the aid of measurement demonstration test, the paper examine the convergence function of public expenditure policy imposed on regional economic growth. Meantime, considering the area terrain of public expenditure policy’s impact on convergence of economic growth, this paper analyze regional public expenditure policy’s function mechanism and contribution to regional economy growth convergence in a spatial dimension.(3)conclusions:1) proper regional centralization is the premise for optimizing regional welfare. Moderate centralizing will bring up increase to regional welfare system, however the excessive centralization will bring about negative externalities, and finally damage regional welfare system. If the Government improves inter-regional level, then it will helpful to make the region’s total welfare optimal. The results strongly support unbalanced development strategy of China’s public expenditure policy, and provides a new interpret for gap widening situation and necessity to modify public expenditure policy.2) under the baseline of regional supporting, public expenditure on economic construction and infrastructure have a positive influence on regional economic growth convergence effect, button terms of distribution of region in spatial economy, it will fuel regional economy unbalanced special development, and will sacrifice "fairness" o fulfill efficiency. Therefore, the regional support of the public expenditure policy-makers should pay attention to structure and scale, balance growth and fairness to realize coordinative development.3) Public expense policy which is helpful for the technology spillover could have positive externality in the time tendency and the space location at the same time, and also play an enhancing role in the regional economic growth convergence, spatial distribution equilibrium, and the overall economic growth of the regional system. In order to realize the coordinating regional economic development in fairness and effectiveness, as well as time and space, it is an indispensable way to increase the public expenses which is beneficial for the technology spillover. To put it in a more detailed way, it involves such public expense policies as the telecommunication, the internet, the build-up of personnel, the transportation, education, the public health and so on.4) As the economic convergence mode shows, though our country’s economy has been developed rapidly, the problem of imbalanced development among provinces and regions has never been solved. Moreover, the bridge of regional economic gross is huge, but the growing speed has showed convergent tendency. On the basis of distinguishing productive and non-productive public expenses, it is found from the absolute convergence speed that non-productive public expenses have obvious negative effects on the regional economic convergence, while the productive public expenses have positive ones. What’s more, public expenses including the technologic support in the corporation potential tapping and reform also have positive effects. On this basis, in order to enhance the coordination of the regional economic growth and increase the public expenses in the central and western areas, especially the public capital expenses, the policies and funds should be preferential to the western part so as to speed up the convergence tendency. This paper believes that the principle of optimizing regional public expenses policy lies in: maximizing the regional system benefits and taking both "fairness" and "efficiency" into consideration. Time and space are the basic dimensions for the policy adjustment and the request for regional centralization.Meanwhile, the paper points out the blind points of the regional public expenses policy which are the limitation of regional supporting policy, rationality of moderate trade barrier, requests of the regional integration and so on. This paper also proposes some suggestions in the aspects of grading infrastructure development, strengthening regional technology spillover, deepening the macro fiscal control and so on.更多还原