【作者】 刘亚丽；

【导师】 张智；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 市政工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国城市化进程加快和经济快速发展,垃圾处理问题日益突出。卫生填埋作为我国主要的垃圾处理技术,产生的垃圾渗滤液对环境危害日益严重。由于垃圾渗滤液具有水量、水质变化大,CODCr、氨氮浓度高,可生物降解性差,有毒有害物质浓度高的特点,使垃圾渗滤液处理成为国际上公认的难点。目前,国内外垃圾渗滤液污染及其防治的相关研究逐渐增多,出于对运行费用的考虑,绝大部分研究者将渗滤液处理研究重点集中在生物处理技术研究上。以往工程实践和研究结果表明,渗滤液不经过预处理,很难达到排放标准。《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889—2008)的颁布实施,为渗滤液处理提出更高的要求。进行垃圾渗滤液处理工艺研究,提高渗滤液处理效能,满足新的排放标准,成为课题面临的和必须解决的重点难题。本论文总结了国内外垃圾渗滤液处理技术的研究成果及经验教训,在试验研究基础上,通过对黑石子垃圾渗滤液处理工艺运行模式和处理效果的分析,应用生物处理技术和反应工程学原理,提出了“序批式强化预处理反应器SIPR+序批式生物膜反应器SBBR”的生物处理组合工艺构想,并进行了SIPR-SBBR工艺处理效能、模型验证和理论计量研究。通过水解反应和硝化反硝化在SIPR的共同实现,同步提高了预处理出水的可生化性和预处理反应器的脱氮效能,使预处理出水营养配比良好,为后续好氧生物处理创造了有利条件。同时后续好氧生物处理工艺——SBBR工艺在低能耗条件下,具有高效的污染物去除效能,抗冲击负荷能力强,出水水质稳定。通过SIPR和SBBR处理效能影响因素试验研究,探索较优的运行工况,以高效节能的处理方式,因地制宜地提高渗滤液生物处理效果。试验证明,采用SIPR+SBBR的工艺组合技术路线,能得到了较好的渗滤液脱碳脱氮效果,并且常温下,SIPR-SBBR出水平均CODCr、BOD5、TOC、氨氮、TN、TP、SS和色度低达179mg/L、26.8mg/L、95.8mg/L、35.2mg/L、134.9mg/L、2.75mg/L、27.3mg/L和35倍。以高效、低能耗、保证处理水量为目标,分别进行常温、较高温度、较低温度条件下SIPR-SBBR处理效能正交试验研究,SIPR、一阶SBBR、二阶SBBR最佳处理工艺条件是:HRT分别为2d、4d、2d,DO浓度分别为0.75mg/L、2.0mg/L、2.5mg/L,序批周期为6h(常温);HRT分别为1.5d、3d、1.5d,DO浓度分别为1.0mg/L、2.5mg/L、3.0mg/L,序批周期为6h(较高温度);HRT分别为3d、6d、3d,DO浓度分别为0.7mg/L、2.0mg/L、2.5mg/L,序批周期为8h(较低温度)。根据新颁布实施的《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889—2008),常温下SIPR-SBBR出水BOD5、TP、色度、SS、总汞、总砷、总镉、总铬、六价铬能满足直接排放标准。通过对SIPR+SBBR垃圾渗滤液处理工艺的生物降解机理分析,认为SIPR对颗粒态、粗胶体、难降解有机物的去除是高效的,同时SBBR对溶解性有机物的降解具有高效性。渗滤液在经过SIPR处理后,出水中难化学氧化有机物比率大幅度下降,而经过SBBR处理,出水中难化学氧化有机物比率上升,为后续深度生化工艺处理增加难度。经SIPR-SBBR处理,渗滤液的氮磷比进一步减小,缓解了缺磷问题;同时出水碳氮比逐渐提高,这为后续深度处理提供了较好的营养配比。为保证最终出水满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889—2008),设计了“混凝沉淀+SBBR”的后续深度生化处理工艺,混凝沉淀对难于生物降解的污染物具有较好的去除效果,SBBR具有较高的脱氮效能。SIPR+SBBR+混凝沉淀+SBBR生化组合工艺最终出水达到新颁布的《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889—2008)规定的直接排放标准。结合生物筛选理论和混合菌群脱氮动力学研究结果,建立了SIPR的脱氮动力学模型,并进行模型拟合,动力学理论计算值与实际去除效果拟合较好。通过进行生物膜降解机理研究,得出二阶段SBBR有机物降解动力学模型,以此指导生产性试验。这为今后SIPR-SBBR成功地运用到渗滤液生物处理工程实践中去,奠定了理论基础,提供了技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The environmental problem caused by municipal solid waste has deteriorated environment more and more seriously along with domestic urbanization and economic development. As the main technology of municipal solid waste treatment in China, landfill product leachate which can endanger the environment seriously. Leachate is characterized by broad changing rang of water quantity and quality、high CODCr and ammonia nitrogen、low BOD5/CODCr value meaning、poor biological degradation ability、high density of poisonous and harmful substance. As for this, leachate treatment acknowledged as world problem which is difficult to solved.Because more and more attention has been drew to leachate pollution, relevant research increase gradually. Researchers concentrate on biological treatment technology especially because of considering the operating expenses as research on leachate treatment. Present project in practice and research verify that it is difficult to meet the requirement of discharging standard only by anaerobic or aerobic biological process without pretreatment. The issuing and implementation of“Pollution control standard of living solid waste landfill”(GB16889-2008), put forward newer and higher demand for leachate treatment. Developing new biological disposal craft and meeting the new standard, become a difficult subject that must be faced and solved.This thesis has summarized experience and lessons of biological technology of leachate treatment, relied on the experimental study of Heishizi landfill leachate treatment and its treatment performance, aimed at its insufficiency, and also basised on biological treatment technology and engineering principle, put forward the treatment craft idea of“Sequencing Batch Intensified Pretreatment Reactor (SIPR) and Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR)”, researched on its treatment efficiency、model proving and measures. Through the realization of nitrify and hydrolysis in SIPR, degrade substance with macromolecule or difficult to dissolve, to dissolvable substance with microorganism, which is easy to degrad and absorb with biological methold, improve the biological degraded ability by a relatively large margin. At the same time, SIPR has better denitrification performance, and can optimize carbon and nitrogen rate of outflow water, which can benefit the follow-up aerobic biological treatment. The follow-up aerobic biological treatment craft—SBBR has high removal performance of organic matter and nutrition salt, and has high ability of anti-shork and loading of water quantity and quality, and its out flow water quality is better and stable.Trough studying on SIPR and SBBR’s influencing factor experiment, explore the more excellent operating mode、treatment way of the energy-efficient, improve the treatment performance to guarantee outflow water quantity. Practice has proved that though adopting the craft of“SIPR + SBBR”, better removal performance of carbon and nitrification has been got. Density of outflow water’s average CODCr、BOD5、ammonia nitrogen、TN、TP、SS、colority are lower than 179mg/L、26.8mg/L、95.8mg/L、35.2mg/L、134.9mg/L、2.75mg/L、27.3 mg/L、35 degree.Aiming at pursuing high efficiency、low energy consumption and better water quality, orthogonal experiment has been carried on in different temperature condition (normal temperature、lower temperature、higher temperature), the best operation parameter of SIPR/ first step SBBR/ second step SBBR is: HRT=2/4/2d、DO =0.75/2.0/2.5mg/L、Sequencing batch cycle is 6h ( normal temperature ) ; HRT=1.5/3/1.5d、DO=1.0/2.5/3.0mg/L、Sequencing batch cycle is 6h ( higher temperature); HRT=3d/6d/3d、DO=0.7/2.0/2.5mg/L、Sequencing batch cycle is 8h (lower temperature).Based on“Pollution control standard of living solid waste landfill”(GB16889-2008), average BOD5、TP、SS、colority、Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Cr6+ of SIPR-SBBR’s outflow water can satisfiy the new discharging standard. Through researching on degradation mechanism of SIPR and SBBR, conclusion can be drew that SIPR has high removal performance of granule、colloidal particle and the organic matter which is difficult to degrade, SBBR has high efficiency of dissolvable organic substance’s degradation. After SIPR’s treatment, the ratio of organic matter difficult to be oxidized droped. While through SBBR, ratio of organic matter difficult to be oxidized rised by a large margin, increase the degree of difficulty for follow-up profundity chemistry treatment. Through treatment of SIPR-SBBR,TN/TP of leachate decrease, and ease the shortage of TP in leachate;CODCr/NH4+-N increase greadually,all of this can produce better nutration rate for proceed advanced treatment.Following-up craft of congealed deposition+ SBBR is designed to guarantee the outflow water quality of the discharging standard of“Pollution control standard of living solid waste landfill”(GB16889-2008). Congealed deposition has high removal performance to the contamination which has bad biological degradation, and SBBR has high quality of removing TN. SIPR+SBBR+congealed deposition+SBBR can satisfy the new discharging standard of“Pollution control standard of living solid waste landfill” (GB16889-2008).Combine with the biological filtration theory and studying of mixing bacterial denitrification dynamics, set up denitrification theory model of SIPR, carry on the analyzing and assimilating of model and the experimental data, the model calculating value fits better with the actual result. Two step SBBR’s organic degrading dynamics model was set up too. Acorrding to this, guidance can be given to production experiment,for the sake of SIPR-SBBR’s application into leachate treatment.更多还原