【作者】 陆敏；

【导师】 高凯征；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 文艺学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 大众文化是20世纪80年代改革开放以来,中国文化及社会变迁中最引人注目的文化现象。由于大众文化是文化的一分子,与文化一样具有分层的特性,它的分层受到社会经济、政治、及个体等多方面的影响,大众文化分层的产生与发展显示了其旺盛的生机活力及强大的社会效能,极大地改变了当代中国的传统文化格局,深刻地影响了人们的日常生活和人格塑造。本论文拟从大众文化分层的形成、特性及它自产生以来所引发的种种社会效应加以探讨,进而寻求它在分层下的文艺运行。第一章介绍了西方与国内相关的文化分层理论。西方分层理论代表有韦伯、布尔迪厄、列维·斯特劳斯、结构功能主义的帕森斯、克罗伯、克鲁克洪等人,分别提出了相应的文化分层理论。国内学者中有钟敬文的文化三层次说;庞朴的文化结构层次说;张东荪的社会文化层说;李泽厚的文化分层美学思考。由此可见,文化是有层次的,无论是从心理层面、制度层面还是从它所体现和代表的阶级与阶层,文化分层都是从整体综合的角度把握文化共同存在的依据与演化机理。第二章是当代中国文化并存性结构。从当代文化的内部结构考察,中国文化是一个多层文化并存的复合性结构。在这个文化结构中,多层文化以不同的文化内容历时性地出现,又在一个阶段内共时性地发挥各自的能量。中国当代文化多层并存结构是表征当代中国文化中存在着不同亚文化,以相应的意义形态或价值观等形式共时性地存在。体现在文艺活动中的文化,同样映射出这种分层性。由于中国社会的政治经济和文化的特殊性,在当代的文化发展历程中出现了四种文化的基本面貌:这就是二十世纪80年代前占据主流地位的政治文化、80年代至90年代初的精英文化、90年代初至90年代中期的外来文化、90年代中期至今一枝独秀的大众文化。四个各领风骚的阶段文化,一方面是与特定的社会发展状况紧密相联;另一方面也有文化的适应能力,在不同阶段吻合了时代需求。第三章是大众文化分层之文艺生成性研究。从文化的整体背景下来考察大众文化,由于政治文化、外来文化、精英文化所代表的不同的社会生活历史与生活现实,构成了大众文化分层的基础。不同社会生活历史与生活现实的群体逐渐形成与自己生活形态相适应的价值和价值判断,从而形成大众文化的分层、不同大众的社会群体和文化趣味。文艺活动中,大众文化的发展史就是大众文化的分层史;文化多元分层造成大众文化的分层;大众文化的不同分层模塑着不同时期的文艺大众;大众文化分层还受外部条件综合制约。大众文化分层具体体现到文艺活动中,就会产生相应的文艺分层形式。在大众文艺分层动态过程中,出现调整与转化、解构与整合、吸纳与重构等态势。第四章是大众文化分层之文艺形态特性。文艺活动中,大众文化的分层与整个社会生活的多元化发展趋势同步,在这种多元化、多层次文化发展中,大众文化领域的多元化分层特征也十分明显。大众文化多元化形成了大众文化分层内部的文艺形态特性。多元文化之间的冲突并不是文化的断裂,与冲突相伴的还有各种文化之间的互补。正是多元文化之间的冲突与互补,使当代中国大众文化发展显示出巨大活力。当代中国大众文化多元化、多层次的表现,可以从不同方面进行分析。这里着重从大众文化分层体现出的不同文化层次、区域性大众文化和大众文化断代史分层入手,阐释多元文化之间相互冲突、相互补充特征。在此基础上建构大众文化分层之文艺形态特性。其特性主要体现在:相通性、变动性、无意识性方面,并从地域性分层和断代史分层方面加以进一步阐释。第五章从价值论的观点对大众文化进行分层。依据价值观和“洋葱”理论,文化分层比较清楚地描述出文化的内容可以被结构性地喻为一系列共同的基本假定和价值观,以及在这些价值观支配下的行为规范、态度和信仰、体制和制度。从整体性上考虑大众文化,如同价值个体,层层剥分后,我们把大众文化最典型的消费作为它价值表现形式的外层;其实现价值层为大众文化分层之中间环节:市场运作及新媒介;而大众文化的核心价值是功利与伦理习俗,大众文化的外在消费本身就是达到功利性满足——伦理和利益的满足。更多还原

【Abstract】 Popular culture is the most noticeable cultural phenomenon in the changes of Chinese culture and society since reform and opening policy were carried out in 1980s. As a member of culture,popular culture owns the same characteristic of stratification,which is influenced by many aspects such as social economy,politics,individual needs and so on. The generation and development of popular culture stratification show its prosperous vitality and powerful social function and greatly change traditional culture pattern in contemporary China. People’s daily life and personality molding are deeply influenced as well. This thesis plans to study the generation and characteristics of popular culture stratification and the social effects it initiate,and then take a further step on how the social effects work.Chapter One introduces relevant domestic and western culture stratification theories. The representatives of western stratification theory are Weber,Bourdieu,Claude Levi-Strauss,Parsons,Kroeber,Kluckhohn and so on. Among domestic scholars,Zhong jingwen puts forward culture three-layer theory,Pang Pu proposes cultural structure layer theory,Zhang Dongsun puts forward social culture layer theory and Li Zehou proposes thoughts on culture stratification aesthetics. So it’s obvious that culture have different layers. No matter from the angle of psychology,regime or the social class it represent,culture stratification takes it as a whole to grasp the evidence of culture coexistence and evolution mechanism.Chapter Two deals with the coexistence structure of contemporary Chinese culture. Chinese culture demonstrates a compound character structure in which many layers of culture co-exist. The coexistence structure of contemporary Chinese culture means there are many different sub-cultures co-existing by the means of correspondent significance or value outlook. The culture which appears in aesthetics activities also demonstrates such stratification. The particularity of politics,economy,culture,Chinese society leads to four basic forms of culture during its developing progress: political culture before 1980s,elite culture from 1980s to 1990s,exotic culture in the first half of 1990s and popular culture since mid-1990s.These four forms of culture are all mainstream culture in different periods of time. On one hand ,they are related to particular social developing condition; on the other hand,the adaptability of culture meets the needs of different times.Chapter Three is about the study of popular culture stratification generation. Study popular culture in the whole background of culture since political culture,exotic culture and elite culture represent different social history and life reality. Groups represent different social history and life reality generally form different value judgment that adapt to their living environment,As a result it leads to popular culture stratification. In aesthetics activities,the developing history of popular culture is the stratification history of popular culture. The diversity of culture leads to popular culture stratification. Furthermore,different stratification of culture shapes literary mass of different time periods and it’s restricted by external conditions. Having been reflected in aesthetics activities,popular culture stratification will generate correspondent stratification forms. During this dynamical progress,adaptation,transformation,decomposition,integration,reconstruction will appear.Chapter four deals with the literary morphology characteristic of popular culture stratification. In aesthetics activities,the stratification of popular culture has its own characteristic,which is closely connected to popular culture stratification phenomena. Popular culture stratification keeps the same pattern as diversifying development of whole social life. Diversifying stratification characteristics in the field of popular culture are obvious under such kind of diverse,multi-layer culture development. The diversity of popular culture forms literary morphology properties among internal popular culture stratification. The conflicts of diverse culture don’t mean culture fracture. The conflicts and mutual complementarity of diverse culture promise prosperous vitality of contemporary Chinese popular culture. We could analysis different aspects of the diverse multi-layer performances of contemporary Chinese popular culture. This thesis will mainly probe different culture layers,regional popular culture and stratification of popular culture dynastic history and explain the existence of conflicts and mutual complementarity characteristic of diverse culture. On this foundation literary morphology characteristic of popular culture stratification will be constructed.Chapter five will give a lateral stratification of popular culture in the view of value theory. In accordance with value theory and“onion”theory,culture stratification will articulate that culture content could be structurally compared to a series of common basic assumptions and value theories,and also the behavior,attitude and faith that supported by them. After stripping layer by layer,we take most typical consumptions of popular culture as the outer layer of its value demonstration. The realized value layer is the mid step of popular culture stratification: market operation and new media practitioner. As key value of popular culture are utility and ethical custom,the exterior consumption of popular culture itself is to reach its key value theory——the gratification of ethic and interests.更多还原