【作者】 刘贺娟；

【导师】 王春荣；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 文艺学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 对文学进行研究的方法很多,既可以对文学本体进行审美的本质性研究,也可以将文学定位在一个关系坐标中进行考察。本文将都市和女性坐标交叉点上的文本作为研究对象,同时选择了中国当代文学史上的“新时期”作为研究的指定时期,用女性主义视角对这一时期女性文本中出现的都市意象进行阐释。1.研究目的女性主义理论伴随着女权运动出现,在诞生之初是非常激进的政治理论,女权主义者偏激地认为整个世界被男性中心话语充斥,女性在各个领域都受到了不公正的待遇。女权主义诞生之初将整个男性世界视为对立面,试图颠覆男权话语,重新建构一个女性的世界。在实践当中,女权主义者认识到了自身理论缺陷,从两性敌对中走出来,寻求两性的不一致,并且认识到只有两性和谐发展,女性才能获得更广阔的发展天地。女权主义理论和其它理论一样,都有失之偏颇和不完善之处,但是它始终在寻找更合理的理论视角。女性主义文学理论也经历了类似的发展过程,它在不断寻求对文学进行更深入、更有效的阐释方法。本文将对新时期女性都市文本中出现的都市意象进行女性主义的分析,深入到都市文本的肌理深处,从女性主义的视点建构和谐的都市意象体系。2.研究方法本文运用女性主义文学理论对女性都市文本进行审美研究,探究隐含在女性都市文本中的都市意象的深层意蕴。同时,结合现代性理论、城市社会学理论、文化地理学和意象文化学等相关理论,在多角度的理论视阈的观照下对都市意象进行研究。第一、为本文的研究设置特定的语境。“城市”和“都市”在人类都市化的进程中处于不同的发展阶段,“都市”在人类文明和社会进步发展阶段上处于比“城市”更高级的阶段。由于对于都市理论和都市文学的研究者众多,他们对于“都市”和“城市”在概念上的区分并没有达成一致,在本文的研究语境中“都市”和“城市”通用。第二、将文学研究和文化研究有机统一在一起。立足民族的、本土现象的研究,借鉴城市文化理论,对都市意象进行文化学意义上的溯源,同时给予都市意象以女性主义的全新阐释。从而,探究都市意象作为都市文化体系中的重要构成蕴含的文化意味及其在都市文化建构中的意义。第三、在研究的方法上,具有开放性的学术研究视野。将多种研究方法包括社会学、文化地理学、意象文化学、哲学、文艺学等综合运用,从而形成开放的、不拘一格的、独特的学术个性。3.成果和结论文本集中在新时期女性都市小说文本,对出现在其中的都市意象所包含的性别内涵进行理论上的追溯,女性文本中的都市意象主要包括都市生活意象和都市女性形象,对都市意象的剖析将在这两个方面展开,并且总括出新时期女性文本中出现的都市意象在都市化进程中所具有的文化意义上的探寻,勾勒出女性都市意象体系中两性和谐的蓝图。第一部分为绪论,指出了本文论题提出的意义和要解决的问题,同时提出了该领域研究的国际国内现状,在女性文学领域对女性意识、女性的发展、两性和谐的主题性研究成果众多,可是专门就都市意象研究的文章并不多见,对都市意象在文学、文化的角度上展开历史的、纵向的、更有深度的研究是前沿的学术研究课题,本文就是要在这个维度展开对都市意象的探索。第二部分探讨都市意象中包含的性别内涵。探寻女性与城市的关系在文本中的演进过程,从女性的性别视野、性别理解、性别体验和性别表现几个角度追溯都市意象包含的性别意识,都市意象如何进行了女性的突围,都市为女性提供了一个发展的平台,女性在都市的空间当中能够和男性站在同一地平线上,对自己在农业社会中拥有的传统身份进行挑战,用女性的视野重新审视男性,从而建构新的女性的审美世界。第三部分对在新时期女性文本中都市意象进行了文化学意义上的分析。首先进入人们视野的是都市整体斑驳复杂的意象述描,之后对在不同作家文本中出现的都市意象进行了深入文化肌理的剖析。在文本中出现的胡同、弄堂等都市意象是古老的文化象征,透过这些意象,女性表现的是和都市古老文明的同质同构;酒吧和舞厅的意象是和城市的女性消费一致的,而家、卧室和镜子是女性灵魂在现代城市荒漠的回归,代表了女性精神的终极指向。第四部分主要阐释女性形象与城市精神的同构。职场“女强人”张扬着女性个性,和城市中激烈的竞争、适者生存的理论是一致的;新时期以来,城市的飞速发展,迅速的工业化进程让城市人在陌生的城市面前产生了极大的困惑,于是狂欢、癫狂和焦虑成了城市女性的精神主题,这样的精神指向在“新新人类”身上有明显体现;城市人在巨大的现代化压力面前体会到了虚无并希望在精神上回归,女性将最后的希望寄托在了亲情和爱情上,追寻母性是对城市文明史的反思,同性之爱是她们回归内心安逸的策略。第五部分对都市意象的女性主义书写进行审美价值上的深层探究,这将文学的研究最终归结到文化、审美的层面上来。本文将城市现代化的进程中的表征凸显出来,进而追寻表征之下蕴含的女性精神空间,从而对男性中心社会中的都市意象文化进行女性主义的解读,并按照女性主义的视角对都市意象进行重构。结语部分回顾了都市意象的研究成果,并对以女性主义为基点的都市意象研究进行了总结,同时展望都市意象性别建构的美好前景。对男权话语体系中的都市意象进行解构,并对都市意象进行女性主义的建构,文学上不同性别的解构与建构是社会历史上性别斗争的缩影,都市意象在两性不同的解读中呈现出了不同的文化特色。对都市意象进行女性主义的书写,终极目标是要建构双性和谐的都市文化体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are many methods in the study of literature, which can not only make an essential study of literature in aesthetic ways, but also place literature in a coordinate setting for study. This thesis chooses as its object of study the writings on the cross-over point of urbanity and femininity. Meanwhile, the thesis selects“the new period”in modern literature history to explain and analyze, from the feminist angle of view, the urban images in writings about femininity in the new period.1. Aim of StudyFeminist theory, appearing with feminist movement, was, at the start, a radical political theory. Feminists argued that the whole world was one in which male language prevailed, and females were not fairly treated in all fields. During its early days, feminists regarded male world as its opposite side and tried to overthrow male language by rebuilding a female world. In practice, feminists came to know the defects in their own theory and get rid of the hostilities between males and females. They were trying to find incongruity between the two sexes, and came to realize that. Only if the two sexes were evolving harmoniously, could they have greater possibility for their evolution in the future. Feminist theory, like other theories, sometimes failed because of its partiality and imperfection in some aspects however, it is all the time searching for more reasonable angles of view. The feminist theory of literature seems to have undergone the same process in development. It is steadily searching for methods to explain and analyze literature in more profound and more authoritative way.The thesis analyses the urban images described in the texts of modern urban feminists in the new period goes deeper into the depth of urban texts and builds up a harmonious system of urban images in view of feminism.2. Methods of StudyThe thesis makes an aesthetic study of the urban texts of females by using the literary theory of feminism, and probes into the deeper meaning of civil images contained in the urban texts of females. Meanwhile, the thesis studies, in line with more than one theoretical angle of view, such as modern sexual theory, urban sociologic theory, cultural geographic theory and cultural theory of images, etc. First, in the thesis, certain contexts are set for study.“City”and“Metropolis”exist in different periods during the process of urbanization of human beings.“Metropolis”appears in a more advanced period than“City”. There is a great number of researchers, who have not yet come to agreement about the differences between“City”and“Metropolis”. In the thesis, they are used in the same meaning.Second, study of literature and study of culture are combined in this thesis. The thesis, based on the study of our nation and native land, makes a study of the origin of urban image in cultural meaning and, at the same time, explains and analyses, in a complete new way, feminism in urban image, and thus probes into the important branch of urban cultural system and the meaning in building urban culture.Third, about the methods of study, the thesis possesses and open-minded vision of academic study which puts under the study of literature and its law of development a variety of study methods, like sociology, politics, cultural anthropology, cultural geography, cultural imagery and philosophy, etc. The thesis has unique academic feature in that it studies both Chinese and western worlds, and its methods of study are open-minded and not limited to one style.3. Positive Results and ConclusionCentering on texts of urban novels concerning females of the new period, the thesis theoretically traces the connotation of sexes contained in urban images in the texts. The images in the feminist texts mainly includes images of urban life and urban feminist images, from which the analysis of urban images starts and develops, and sums up the discovery of the cultural meaning of urban images appearing in the texts of the modern females of the new period in the development of urbanization and sketches the future of two sexes in the system of urban images of females.Part One, the introduction, points out the meaning and problems to be solved and raised in the thesis, and meanwhile, talks about the existing state of study in this filed at home and abroad. There is a great number of achievements in the study of theme of feminist evolution and harmony of two sexes. However, articles that make exclusive study of urban images are not many. The historical extensional and more profound study of urban images is of frontier question for study. This thesis makes discovery of urban images in this dimension. Part Two probes the sexual connotation contained in urban images, searches for the evolving process of the relationship females have with urbanity and traces the sense of sexes involved in urban images from the angles of sexual vision, sexual understanding, sexual experience and sexual manifestation. Part Two traces back to how urban images break through the encirclement, how urbanity provides females opportunities for development, how females stay in same position with males in urbanity, how females challenge their own status in a agricultural society and how females reexamine males in a feminist vision to build a female world.Part Three makes an analysis of the cultural meaning of urban images in the texts of females in the new period. At the start, people will see the complicated and colorful description of images as a whole, and then this part, in a profound way, analyses urban images appearing in the texts of various writers. The urban images, such as small lanes and family halls, symbolize the ancient culture. Through these images, females demonstrate that, in nature and formation, they are in accordance with the ancient civilization. The images of bars and ballrooms conform to the expenditure of urban females. And households, bedrooms, mirrors symbolize their regress of female soles in the wild urbanity represent the ultimate limits of the trend of female spirit.Part Four gives an explanation of the conformation of female images to urban spirit. The characteristics of professional able women making themselves widely known conforms to urban heated competition and the theory of survival of the fittest. Since the new period, the fast urban development and fast industrialization have made urban people appear puzzled before the stranger urbanity, thus spree, bohemia and anxiety are the main theme of the spirit of urban females, the trend of which is embodied in the“new generation”. The urban people have experienced nihility and hope to regress in spirit. Females place their hope on their love affairs and love of their relatives. Pursuing maternity is a self-examination of history of urban civilization, and the love between the same sexes is the destination of turning back to the ease existing in the depth of their hearts.Part Five makes a thorough study of the aesthetic value in the writings of feminism of urban images, and in this way, sums up the study of literature in the study of culture and aesthetics. The thesis gives prominence to the surface features of urban modernization, and goes on to find out the breathing space of female spirit existing under the surface features, therefore, makes, in way of feminist understanding, an explanation and analysis of the culture of urban images in the society with males at its center, and in the end, forms the urban images according to the feminist angle of view. The conclusion goes over the achievements in the study and sums up the study of urban images on the bases of feminism, meanwhile, looks forward to the promising future created with the sexes of urban images.The thesis makes analysis of the urban images contained in the system of man’s rights to language and builds up the urban images of feminism. In literature, construction and deconstruction of different sexes are the historical struggle of sexes in microcosm. Urban images show different cultural features in the analysis of two sexes. The ultimate aim of writings about urban images in a feminist way is to build up a system of urban culture of two sexes.更多还原