【作者】 闫禹；

【导师】 程伟；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 世界经济， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 信息技术已经成为当今世界经济和社会发展的重要驱动力,信息产业对世界经济整体的贡献度也越来越大;同时,全球信息产业的发展也是不平衡的,发达国家因拥有核心技术而左右全球分工格局,发展中国家和新兴工业国家在全球价值链分工中处于下游位置。是什么因素决定一个国家在IT产业国际分工格局中的不同地位?如何在参与国际分工的同时获得技术进步、提升分工地位?针对这些问题进行深入探讨,对于包括中国在内的发展中国家来说具有重要的理论和现实意义。在全球化背景下,国际分工的形式较之以前发生了重大变化,许多新的分工特征很难用传统的国际分工理论进行解释。本文认为对IT产业国际分工的研究不应仅仅关注国与国之间的贸易和分工,而应在全球要素合作的视角下关注全球分工网络的布局和特征,关注新型分工媒介、形式以及产业价值链分工的发展。按照斯密在《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》中提出的重要思想,分工可以提高效率,企业为了追求更大利润和更高生产率会尝试用更有效率的分工方式去组织生产,进而推动人类社会生产的发展和财富的增加。而分工在提高生产效率的同时也带来了协调问题,即分工可以产生效率,同时也会产生交易成本。国际贸易和国内贸易的原理是一样的,都是折中专业化经济与节省交易费用之间两难冲突的结果。本文中对IT产业国际分工的研究是以斯密的古典分工思想为出发点,围绕分工——效率的基本分析框架,并结合新制度经济学的交易成本理论展开的。在国别IT产业分析中,本文强调一个国家在国际分工中的地位取决于产业竞争力,同时任何一个国家对外贸易的发展都会受到其国内资源条件的制约,充分发挥经济的比较优势是国家创造和维持产业竞争优势的基础。本文的研究表明,模块化是IT产业生产的基本特征,是促进IT产业国际分工特征形成的根本原因。在模块化生产方式下,国际IT产业价值链分工呈现出进一步深化,在经济全球化要素流动背景下,IT产业内普遍推行标准化、开放式生产方式,跨国公司在全球范围内寻求战略资源,跨国并购和外包成为IT产业分工的新形式,同时核心技术左右全球分工格局。在获得对IT产业国际分工特征的一个总体把握之后,本文进行国家参与IT产业国际分工的探讨,对美国、日本、台湾和印度等典型国家和地区的IT产业发展及参与国际分工状况进行分析,进而从它们的经验教训中总结出国家参与IT产业国际分工应遵循的原则,并对我国发展信息产业和参与国际分工提出可行性建议。本文认为对于国家发展IT产业、提升国际分工来讲,尊重IT产业发展的内在规律、合理定位自身要素优势、选择产业发展的重点是前提和基础;大力发展高科技产业集群建设、提高技术创新能力是核心;政府和市场经济制度是重要保障。以上也构成本文的重要结论。本文的研究特点主要有以下两个方面:(1)分析框架的选择。本文中对IT产业国际分工的理论分析是以斯密的古典分工理论为出发点,围绕分工——效率的基本思想,结合新制度经济学的交易成本理论展开的。即在经济全球化条件下,国际分工——效率——协调成本构成本文的理论分析框架。(2)理论和实证相结合。对于IT产业分工形式和特征的分析,本文首先从理论上关注它的分工效率和成本机制,之后以案例进一步进行说明。通过案例的分析与理论相互印证。本文的创新点体现在以下几个方面:(1)研究视角的创新。IT技术特征促成了IT产业的模块化生产方式,而模块化是形成IT产业国际分工的基础。本文对IT产业国际分工内在形成机制的研究源自对IT产业的生产特征——模块化的把握,构成了本文独特的研究视角。(2)观点的创新。观点创新之一:本文认为,模块化带来的效率具有超越古典意义的分工效率,模块化能够促进波特(Porter)的“竞争优势”,本文把这种效率称为模块化的竞争效率;观点创新之二:本文认为,IT产业有其自身的发展规律,在尊重产业规律的前提下提升产业竞争优势是国家发展IT产业应遵循的首要原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 Information technology has become one of the most important drivers of the world economy and social development, and IT industry gives more and more contributions to the whole world economy. However, the development of global IT industry is lopsided: the developed can control the top because of the core technology, while the developing and new industrialized countries can but be dominated in the international division of labor. What cause this different situation? How to make progress with the technology and meliorate the situation when join the international division? Research on the problems above is of important practical and theoretical significance for the developing countries.International division of labor has greatly changed under the globalization, and many new situations and problems are hard to be explained by the traditional theories of international division of labor. It is thought in this paper that the research of new international division of labor should be implemented under the view of global factors’cooperation which not only concerns with trades and distribution of labor among countries, but concerns with the layout and feature of the global division network, and new division media、form along with the development of industry value chain. The division of labor can lead to a high efficiency according to the important economy idea raised by Smith in“AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS”. The enterprise will try to organize the production in a more effective way for more profits and higher productivity, which consequently lead to the progress of producing division of labor and improvement of productive forces of human. The division of labor brings coordinating problems while promotes the productivity. That is to say the division of labor can bring up the transaction cost while generate more efficiency. The principle of international trade and home trade is the same;both of them are the results of compromise between specializing economy and saving transaction cost. The analysis of international division of labor in IT Industry in this paper starts from Smith’s classical ideology of division of labor, and it tightly centers on the basic frame about division—efficiency, and combining the theory of transaction cost of the New Institutional Economics. In the analysis of IT Industry among countries, this paper emphasizes that a country’s situation in international division of labor lies on its industry’s power of competition. At the same time, any country’s development of foreign trade will be restricted by its domestic resource, and adequately exerting its comparative advantage is the base for a state to make and maintain its industry’s competitive advantage.The research in this paper shows that modularity is the basic character of IT industry production and the basic reason which forms the character of international division of labor in IT industry. In the modularity production mode, the division of labor in international IT industry value chains deepens farther. Under the background of economic globalization, IT Industry adopts the standard and opening production mode widely. Transnational corporations are searching strategic resource all over the world. Cross-border M&A and outsourcing become new forms of the division of labor in IT Industry. At the same time, core technology controls the layout of global division of labor.After obtaining the main considering on the character of international division of labor in IT Industry, this paper discusses the international division of labor in IT Industry among the different countries. By analyzing the development of IT Industry and the status participating in the international division of labor in representative countries and regions such as America, Japan, Taiwan, India, the paper ultimately summarize the principle that a state should follow when participates in international division of labor in IT industry from their experiences and lessons, and put forward practical proposals for China’s developing IT Industry and participating in international division of labor. This paper figures out that obeying the internal rules of the IT industry development, finding the comparative advantage of its own factors reasonably as well as choosing the orientation of the industry development is the precondition and foundation;developing high-tech industry cluster and improving the abilities of technical innovation is the core;the government and the market economic institution are the important guarantee.There are two analytical characteristic in the paper: (1) the choice of analytical framework. The analysis in this paper starts from Smith’s classical ideology of division of labor, and it tightly centers on the basic frame about division—efficiency, and combining with transaction cost theory of the New Institutional Economics. That is the international division of labor - efficiency– coordination cost framework under the economic globalization.(2) Combination of theory and practice. The paper analyses the efficiency and cost mechanism of international division of labor in IT industry firstly, and then proves it by case analysis. Case analysis and the theory prove each other.The new ideas in this paper are as follows: (1) selecting a new angle of research. Technical characteristics of IT industry promote the modular production mode to form, and the modularity is the basis of the IT industry’s international division of labor. The research in the paper start from the efficiency of IT industry modular production and the paper analyses characteristics of the IT industry’s international division of labor further, which constitutes a unique angle of research.(2) Putting forward some new points. Firstly, the paper thought that the modular division of labor can bring more efficiency than the classical division of labor. Modularity can promote the formation of Porter’s competitive advantage, which is called the modular efficiency as the modular competition efficiency. Secondly, IT industry has its own developing rule. It is an importance principle for any countries to develop IT industry that competitive advantage should be developed under the precondition of respecting the rule of IT industry.更多还原