【作者】 刘志杰；

【导师】 滕弘飞； 黄洪钟；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 刀盘设计是全断面岩石隧道掘进机(TBM)的设计关键,是影响其掘进性能的决定性因素。TBM刀盘需根据地质条件和施工要求进行适应性设计,属复杂工程系统设计问题。掌握刀盘适应性设计关键技术,提高自主创新设计与制造能力,具有重要的战略意义。诸如TBM的复杂装备结构复杂、价格昂贵、施工任务重要,由于装备性能与运行的外部环境密切相关,当外部环境(如TBM施工地质环境)发生未预料变化时,可能造成装备性能劣化,无法满足当前期望性能需求。由此,复杂装备的适应性设计研究提到日程并引起人们的重视,成为亟待解决的重要课题。基于上述工程背景,在国家863高技术发展计划和国家自然科学基金的资助下,本文首先研究了TBM刀盘主参数设计方法和刀具布置设计方法,进而研究了应对未预料地质环境变化的TBM刀盘及相关组件局部再设计问题。TBM刀盘设计内容较广,本文研究其中部分内容,主要包括:(1)给出了考虑地质环境的基于实例推理(CBR)的刀盘主参数设计方法,以用于快速设计刀具数量、切削参数、主推力、功率和扭矩等刀盘主参数。该实例推理新意在于,给出了刀盘设计的实例表示方法:利用局部相似度分别度量实例中不同类型属性参数的相似度,给出各属性局部相似度计算方法;进而针对取值为区间数的实例属性,给出了一种基于属性值概率分布的区间相似度计算方法;利用组合修改实例的方法推理获得新刀盘的主参数设计方案。该方法贴近目前TBM设计师设计实际。最后经某水利工程引水隧洞施工用的TBM刀盘主参数设计进行了对比验证。(2)给出了较为符合工程实际的TBM刀具布置设计描述模型,考虑了更多的工程因素和技术要求,有别于传统模型。利用多目标进化算法NSGA-Ⅱ进行求解,并给出了基于模糊目标偏好和待布物分布距离支配的Pareto最优解选择方法。最后经TBM刀具布置实例进行了对比验证。(3)给出了另外一种基于模糊逻辑推理和进化算法的TBM刀具布置设计方法。该方法利用模糊逻辑推理处理专家经验规则知识,用计算机模拟专家推理过程,获得待布物(本文指刀具)的布置区域范围,相当于得到一个模糊粗略布置方案,将推理结果方案输入到进化算法(如NSGA-Ⅱ)中,与进化算法计算结果方案一起进行进化操作,从而获得更好的优化方案。最后经TBM刀具布置实例进行了对比验证。(4)以地质环境发生未预料变化的隧道掘进机刀盘及相关组件设计为例,给出了应对未预料环境变化的现有装备适应性局部再设计(ALRE~2)。ALRE~2的特点是在现有装备基础上进行适应性局部变化设计(包括附加新的功能组件),或者尽量恢复原环境,目的是使现有装备尽量适应未预料的外部环境,以满足当前期望性能需求。ALRE~2关键问题是如何解决结构耦合冲突问题。本文给出了ALRE~2的设计策略和关键技术:装备新功能派生、装备功能—结构分析、结构变化传播性预测、结构耦合冲突消除和变化设计决策。建立了装备附加诊断系统的设计决策模型。实践上,隧道掘进机(如TBM)属重大关键装备,并且涉及国家地质秘密,我国目前多为由国外引进或合作生产,急需掌握具有自主知识产权的设计技术,其中刀盘设计又是TBM设计的关键。因此,研究尽量符合工程实际的TBM刀盘设计方法,具有工程价值。理论上,研究尽量符合工程实际的刀盘上刀具布置设计理论和方法,以及应对未预料环境变化的隧道掘进机刀盘及其相关组件局部再设计方法,期望有助于促进TBM刀盘的适应性设计理论研究进展,并有助于推动应对未预料环境变化的适应性设计研究开拓与进展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Being a crucial factor in influencing the performance of Full Face Rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM), the cutterhead design is one of the key issues of TBM. The cutterhead needs to be designed according to geological conditions and construction requirements of a tunneling. Thus the cutterhead design is a complex issue of engineering system design. It is of important strategic meaning to study the key technologies and improve independent innovation design capability of the cutterhead. In general, complex equipment, such as TBM, is expensive and to perform vital tasks. The environment in which complex equipment operates has a great impact on equipment’s performance. The external environment can change in an unanticipated way, which usually leads to inferior performance and even not meeting current expected performance requirements. So the adaptable design of complex equipment absorbs people’s attention and becomes an urgent topic to be resolved.Based on the above engineering application backgrounds and supported by National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China and National Natural Science Foundation of China, this paper firstly studies the principal parameter design and cutter layout design method of TBM cutterhead. Then this paper studies the issue of TBM local redesign responding to unanticipated ground change. The cutterhead design is a wide issue, and only a part is studied in this paper. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:(1) A case-based reasoning design approach considering geological conditions for TBM cutterhead principal parameters is proposed to quickly design the cutterhead principal parameters, which includes cutterhead number, cutting geometry, thrust and torque, etc. The design case description method of the cutterhead is proposed. Since there exist both numerical and symbolic attributes in cutterhead design cases, this paper uses local similarities to measure the similarities of various case attributes. The calculating ways of local similarities are provided correspondingly. For the local attribute whose value is at interval, this paper presents an interval similarity calculating method based on the probability distribution of the attribute value in the interval range. A combined case modification method is used to obtain the proposed solution of the new cutterhead design issue. The proposed method corresponds to the current design activities of TBM designers. Finally, a design example is given to verify the proposed method.(2) On the basis of summing up the related research, engineering practice and domain expert experience, this paper gives the description model of TBM cutter layout. The model matches the actual engineering conditions and considers more engineering factors and technical requirements, which is different from the traditional models. As for the characteristic of the layout problem, this paper proposes the solving method based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II and presents the Pareto solution selection method based on fuzzy objective preference and distributing distance of the allocated objects. Finally, a TBM cutter layout example is given to verify the proposed model and method.(3) Another design method of TBM cutter layout is studied, which is based on fuzzy logic reasoning and evolutionary algorithm. In this methd, the fuzzy logic reasoning is used to express expert experience rule knowledge, imitate the expert reasoning process and obtain the layout districts of the allocated objects. The reasoning outcome corresponds to a fuzzy layout scheme and is input into evolutionary algorithm to evolve with the evolutionary computing programs so as to obtain better design scenarios. Finally, a TBM cutter layout example is given to verify the proposed method.(4) Taking the local redesign of TBM cutterhead responding to unanticipated changes of geological environment as example, the adaptable local redesign issue of existing equipment (ALRE~2) responding to unanticipated environment change is studied. The characteristic of ALRE~2 is to make adaptable local change design (including adding on new function components) on the basis of existing equipment architecture. The design objectives are to adapt existing equipment to new external environment so as to meet current expected performance requirements. The key issue of ALRE~2 is how to solve the architecture coupling contradiction of existing equipment. The design strategies of ALRE~2 are proposed. The key elements of ALRE~2 are discussed including new function derivation, function-structure analysis, structure change propagation prediction, coupling contradiction elimination and change design decision of the equipment. A design decision model of adding on diagnostics subsystem for equipment is proposed.In practice, Tunnel Boring Machine is large and key equipment, which relates to the national geology secret. Most TBMs are imported or cooperatively produced in our country. It is urgent to master the design technology with independent intellectual copyright. The cutterhead design is one of the key technologies of TBM. Thus it is of engineering application value to study TBM cutterhead design method, which matches with engineering practice. In theory, the research of cutterhead layout design method and ALRE~2 is helpful for promoting the research progress of TBM design theory and adaptable design responding to unanticipated environment.更多还原