【作者】 张卫丰；

【导师】 余岳辉；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 微电子学与固体电子学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 逆变电源技术,作为电能变换和控制的最主要形式之一,广泛应用于当今社会各个领域,尤其在新能源技术领域有着更加广阔的前景。而始于二十世纪九十年代的电力电子集成技术被认为是二十一世纪电力电子技术发展的必由之路,为逆变电源的进一步发展带来了新的契机。但逆变电源等电力电子集成技术有别于微电子集成技术,目前制约其发展的一些问题亟待解决。本学位论文从电力电子集成概念出发,以三相逆变电源系统为主线,对其中SVPWM驱动控制系统数字集成化,MATLAB模型的直接代码生成驱动控制系统的设计,宽电压输入辅助直流变换器的实现,电力电子集成关键技术等问题进行了深入研究和探讨。本论文首先从PWM控制的一般原理出发,探讨了工业最常用SPWM的机理,包括控制方式、控制特性分析,计算机实现方法(即采样方法的理论推导和分析)等。进一步提出了直流电压利用率高、易于数字化实现的空间矢量脉冲宽度调制(SVPWM)算法,进行了深入的理论推导。在高压大功率领域,三相多电平逆变器得到了广泛应用,文中提出了一种箝位二极管式电压型三电平逆变器拓扑,详细论述了此三电平逆变器空间电压矢量调制工作原理和实现方法,仿真实验验证了其可行性。将系统集成思想应用于三相全桥式功率电路的驱动控制系统,提出了一种基于TMS320F2182型DSP和IR2136的驱动控制系统结构。对基于IR2136的典型驱动应用电路进行了仿真分析,为实际设计驱动控制电路提供了参考依据。重点研究了三种SVPWM调制算法,为了寻求合理选择控制算法的理论依据,详细分析了其实现机理,对比研究了三种调制模式直流电压利用率、调制函数和输出线电压谐波分布之间的关系。根据不同调制算法的特点,细述了实际工程应用中DSP实现SVPWM的两种方式:硬件法实现(五段法SVPWM)和软件法实现(七段法SVPWM和三段法SVPWM)。分析了不同实现方法对实验结果的影响。在常规手工编程驱动控制系统基础上,本论文首次提出了一种基于MATLAB模型的DSP直接代码生成驱动控制系统。以简易的PWM DSP直接代码实现演示了基于MATLAB模型的控制算法DSP直接代码实现过程,验证了其可行性;进一步研究了基于五段法SVPWM的MATLAB模型到DSP直接代码的工程实现,并进行了仿真及实验验证。宽电压输入辅助变换器可以应用各种电压场合,从而可以满足不同工作环境和客户的需求。本论文以易于集成的反激式变换器为研究对象,详细论述了其结构特点及三种工作模式(CCM、DCM和临界电流连续模式)的工作特性。提出了一种基于电流型PWM控制芯片UC2845的宽电压输入反激变换器拓扑设想,探讨了通过合理设计反馈回路及转换工作模式来实现宽电压输入反激变换器的原理。对宽电压输入反激变换器的关键技术进行了详细的分析和讨论,这些关键技术包括:宽电压输入反激高频变压器设计;尖峰电压干扰抑制技术;电流型控制电路的斜率补偿及稳定反馈技术。制作了25W、两路输出反激变换器样机,进行了实验研究。理论和实验研究均表明,合理设计变换器工作模式和反馈控制回路,可以生产出性能稳定的宽电压输入反激变换器。逆变电源系统架构和电力电子集成关键技术将对集成项目的进行提供有益的参考和发展的思路。论文给出了三相逆变系统的整体构架,在此系统上进行了实验研究,分析了辅助电源输入电压对系统工作模式及开关应力的影响,反馈斜率补偿网络对系统工作性能影响及不同控制算法对电源系统工作性能的影响。结合微电子集成电路技术的发展,分析了电力电子集成技术的可能性。对三相逆变器电力电子集成关键技术:三维封装及互连技术、磁集成技术、集成设计方法技术等进行了分析和综述。提出了基于OrCAD、Origin、Ansys等软件集成一体化的热设计方法。本论文工作作为电力电子集成的初步探索,为逆变电源系统及其集成技术提供了设计思路和有益的工程借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Inverter is the main technology of electronic power conversion and control. The applications of it are proliferating in many areas of modern society. With the ever-increasing energy demand of the world, inverter will play key role in the new energy resources. However, in power electronics, it is generally believed that advancements can be achieved only through a systems-level approach by developing intelligent, integrated power electronics modules (IPEMs) that initiated in the 1990’s. And the novel power electronics integration technology will push the further development of inverter.But, power electronics integration technology in inverter is diffirent with the technology of integrated circuit. Some dominant technology barriers must be solved emergently. In this dissertation, three phase inverter system with the concept of power electronics integration will be the main contents.Key technologies of it, such as numeralization and integration of SVPWM based driving and control system, MATLAB model based design of driving and control system, realization of wide input voltage auxiliary power supply and power electronics integration technology are researched and discussed thoroughly.PWM scheme is widely used in inverters. Firstly, the universal principle of PWM is presented. The mechanism of SPWM widely used in industry is discussed in details, including control mode, analysis of control characteristic and method for computer realization of SPWM(i.e. theoretical derivation and analysis of sampling method. ). In order to obtain high DC bus voltage utilization and numeralization easily, the SVPWM is proposed with detailed theoretical derivation. For high voltage and power applications, the three-phase three-level PWM inverters are widely used. A neutral-point-clamped voltage-source inverter with three-level is presented in this thesis. The SVPWM operation principle and realization of it are discussed in detail. The simulation results validate it.The driving and control system with integration concept is the core of the power electronics integration module intelligence.The TMS320F2812 DSP and IR2136 based driving and control system for three-phase inverter is proposed. IR2136 based driving circuit is simulated with Pspice software. The results provide the laws for other designs. Three SVPWM schemes are presented and the realization principle is analysed. The DC bus voltage utilization, modulation functions and harmonic contents for three different schemes are studied using comparison. According to the feature of three control scheme, two SVPWM realization methods by DSP, i.e. using harware(5-segment SVPWM) and using software(3-segment and 7-segment SVPWM ), are introduced. The experimental results of them are given and the effect to control performance is analysed. In addition, to avoid stated problems, such as document-based specification misunderstanding, coding errors and extend development time of the control algorithms, of traditional manual coding, a MATLAB model based DSP driving and control system is firstly proposed. The DSP code realization procedure of the model based control system is demonstrated through the model based design of a simple PWM control system and the experimental results validate the design. Detailedly, the model based 5-segment SVPWM DSP control system is studied. Also, the simulation and experimental results are given.Wide input voltage converters can be used in all kinds of applications.Thus it can meet the different customers and operate in all power systems.In this dissertation, the flyback converter topology which can be easily integrated is presented.The structure characteristic of it and operation performance of its three modes(CCM,DCM and critical current mode) are introduced at length. The UC2845 based wide input voltage flyback converter is proposed. The design principle of it is analysed through designing feedback loop properly and changing operation mode.The core technologies are stated, which are the design of high frequency transformer, the interference suppression of spike voltage, the slope compensation of current mode controller and the design of stable feedback loop. The prototype with two output and 25W power is assembled. And the experiment is implemented. The results of theory and experiment show that high performance wide input voltage flyback converter can be realized by designing the operation mode and feedback control loop properly.The system structure of inverter and key technologies of power electronics integration can provide us the useful ideas for the new system integration. In this thesis, the system structure of three phase inverter is presented and the experiment is done on this platform. The impact of auxiliary power supply input voltage on operation mode and power devices stress, impact of feedback loop and slope compensation on system performance and impact of control algorithm on system performance are analysed. The probability analysis of power electronics integration is given with the knowledge of microelectronic integrated circuit development. And the core technologis, such as three-dimensional packaging and interconnection, magnetics-integration technologis and integrated design methodology, of power electronics integration for three phase inverter, are overviewed. A novel thermal design method integrated the software OrCAD, Origin and Ansys, is proposed.The work done in the dissertation is only the first step of integration.But it provides the design ideas and good engineering example for inverter system and its integration technology.更多还原