【作者】 李志峰；

【导师】 沈红；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 高等教育学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 国际竞争力研究在管理学领域属于战略研究范畴。战略研究的一个核心议题就是如何维持和创造持续的竞争优势。探究竞争优势的源泉,分析影响竞争优势的要素,研究竞争优势的形成机制,提出维持和创造持续的竞争优势的对策,是当代战略管理理论研究的一个重要使命。学术职业作为高深知识创造、传播、综合和应用的一个特殊“产业”同样面临着国际竞争。本研究试图通过对学术职业竞争优势和劣势的研究,找出影响学术职业国际竞争力的核心要素,分析学术职业的国际竞争力强弱的根本原因,为提升中国学术职业的国际竞争力提供政策思考。高深知识是研究学术职业国际竞争力的逻辑起点。学术职业与其他职业的一个根本界分是高深知识。高深知识和高水平学生的产出是学术职业参加国际竞争的两个基本“产品”。学术职业在国际学术市场的竞争力有赖于高深知识的产出是否具有国际竞争优势,有赖于高水平的学生是否能够满足国内劳动力市场的需要,而高水平学生的竞争优势同样以高深知识为基本要素。研究学术职业的国际竞争力需要一个观测指标,通过观测指标来分析学术职业的国际比较优势和竞争优势,并找出比较劣势和竞争劣势。由于国际上没有适用的学术职业国际竞争力的评价标准,因此,本研究确定学术职业国际竞争力的主要观测指标,包括资源竞争力、学术竞争力、职业吸引力、国际影响力和环境竞争力五个方面,五个主要观测指标又包括16个二级指标和56个三级指标。这五个主要观测指标反映出高深知识的不同形态:资源竞争力是高深知识存量的竞争力指标,学术竞争力是高深知识增量与价值的竞争力指标,职业吸引力是高深知识流向的竞争力指标,国际影响力是高深知识国际声望的竞争力指标,环境竞争力是高深知识生态的竞争力指标。学术职业的国际竞争本质上是高深知识形态的国际竞争。从这五个主要观测指标分析,中国高等教育扩大招生以来,尽管学术职业的资源竞争力、学术竞争力不断增强,职业吸引力不断提高,国际影响力不断扩大,环境影响力得到进一步改善。但在国际竞争背景下,中国学术职业仍然缺乏竞争优势,高深知识的存量不足,高深知识增量提升较快但价值仍然需要进一步提升,高深知识的流向处于负流动状态,高深知识的国际声望还不高,高深知识的生态仍然需要进一步改善。根据迈克尔·波特的国际竞争优势理论的“钻石模型”分析框架,考虑学术职业国际竞争的特点。本研究认为,高深知识的资源存量是学术职业国际竞争优势的“生产要素”,高深知识的资本增量及价值是学术职业国际竞争优势的“需求状况”;高等学校是学术职业国际竞争优势的“相关产业”;高深知识的流向和国际声望是学术职业国际竞争优势的“竞争状态”;高深知识的生态是学术职业国际竞争优势的“协调机制”。高深知识的资源存量、增量和价值、流向和国际声望、生态和高等学校构成了学术职业国际竞争优势的主要影响要素。这些因素相互影响、相互加强,共同构成一个动态的激励创新的竞争环境,由此构成一个国家学术职业国际竞争优势的基础来源。对于学术职业的国际竞争力来说,高深知识的资源存量反映的是学术职业资源的竞争力,高深知识的增量与价值反映的是学术职业的学术竞争力,高深知识的流向和国际声望反映的是学术职业的职业吸引力和国际影响力,高等学校系统反映的是高等学校竞争力,高深知识的生态反映的是学术职业的环境影响力,它们的相互关系反映了学术职业国际竞争优势的形成机制,并在此基础上构成学术职业国际竞争力的激励模型。本研究认为,中国学术职业仍然处于准专业状态,学术职业专业化是提升中国学术职业国际竞争力的路径和基础。高深知识的差异化、学术职业权力的优先化、学术职业伦理的普适化、社会利益的长远化、学术职业生态的和谐化战略是提升中国学术职业国际竞争力的五个重要战略选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research of international competitiveness belongs to the field of strategic research. One core topic of discussion of strategic study is how to maintain and create persistent competition advantage. To probe into the headspring of the competitive advantage; to analyze the influential element of competitive advantage; to study the forming mechanism of competitive advantage; to advance the maintaining and creating sustaining countermeasure which is the important mission of modern strategic management theory research. As a kind of special“industry”which creates, spreads, integrates and applies advanced knowledge, academic profession faces international competition as well. The international competition of academic profession reflects nationalism academically, in the domain of academic profession by studying the international competitiveness. The research tries to study the competitive advantage and inferior position to find the core elements which influence academic profession competence; to analyze the essential reason of the international competitiveness of academic profession. The aim is to provide policy consideration for improving international competitiveness of Chinese academic profession.The advanced knowledge is the logical beginning in the study of international competitiveness of academic profession. A basic boundary is the advanced knowledge between academic profession and the other professions. The two kinds of essential“products”which academic profession can attend international competition is delivering of the advanced knowledge and high level students The competitiveness of academic profession in the academic market depends on if the product of advanced knowledge has the advantage of international competition, depends on if the high level students can meet the needs of domestic labor market, then the competitive advantage of high level students regard the advanced knowledge as the essential factor as well.It needs a survey indexes to study international competitiveness through which the international advantage of comparison and competition can be analyzed to find the comparative and competitive inferior position. Because there is no international evaluation standard which is suitable for academic profession, this research will confirm main observation indexes of academic profession including five aspects: such as resource competitiveness, the academic competitiveness, the professional attraction, the international influential force and the environmental competitiveness, these five main indexes of observation includes 16 second degree indexes and 56 third degree indexes. These five main observation indexes mirror the different shapes of the advanced knowledge, the resource is competitive indexes of storage quantity of the advanced knowledge, the academic competence is the indexes of capital increasing quantity and the value of the advanced knowledge, the professional attraction is the indexes which the advanced knowledge flows to, the international influential force is the competence indexes of the international prestige of advanced knowledge, the environmental is the competitive indexes of zoology of advanced knowledge. Essentially, the international competition of academic profession is the form competition of advanced knowledge.Analyzing from these five main observation indexes, after expanding the enrollment of new students in the system of higher education, Although Chinese resources of the academic competitiveness has been unceasingly strengthened, the professional attraction has been enhanced, the international influence has been enlarged, the environmental force has been further improved. under the background of international competition, the Chinese academic profession still lacked the competitive advantage, the storage quantity of advanced knowledge was insufficient, the increasing quantity of advanced knowledge has comparatively got promotion quickly but the value needs to be further promoted , the flowing direction of advanced knowledge still stayds in negative direction, the international prestige is a bit lower, and the zoology of advanced knowledge still needs to be improved further.According to Michael E Porter’s analysis frame of "diamond model" of dominance theory of international competitiveness, we must consider the characteristics of international competition of academic profession. This research believed that, the resources storage quantity of advanced knowledge is“the elements of production”of the international competition dominance of the academic profession, the increasing quantity and the value of advanced knowledge are "the demanding condition" of the international competition advantage of academic profession; colleges are "the relative industry" of international competition advantage of the academic profession; The flowing direction and the international prestige of advanced knowledge is "the competitive state" of international competition advantage of academic profession; The zoology of advanced knowledge is corresponding mechanism of international competition dominance of academic profession. The resource storage quantity, increasing quantity, value flowing direction, zoology and colleges constitute main influencing elements of international competition advantage of advanced knowledge. a dynamic and innovative competition environment which affect mutually, strengthen each other, and then constitute the basic origin of international competition advantage of one nation academic profession.To the international competitiveness of academic academic, the storage quantity of resources of advanced knowledge mirror the competitiveness of resources of academic profession, the increasing quantity and the value of advanced knowledge reflect the competitiveness of academic delivering of the academic profession, the flowing direction and international prestige of advanced knowledge reflect the attraction and the international force of academic profession, systems of colleges reflect its competence, the zoology of advanced knowledge reflects the environmental force of academic profession, their relationships mirror the forming mechanism of the competitive advantage of academic profession, the bestirring model of international competitiveness of academic profession is consitituted on base of it.This research believes that Chinese academic profession is still in a state of semi-profession, the professionalization is a kind of route and basis which can improve the international competitiveness of acdemic profession. The five strategic choices which can promote international competitiveness of Chinese academic profession are as follows: the difference of advanced knowledge, the priority of authority of academic profession, the generalization of academic professional ethics, the long term of social benefits, the harmonious strategy of zoology of academic profession.更多还原