【作者】 李文江；

【导师】 郑友德；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 公立高校银行贷款是1999年以来伴随着高校扩招出现的一个新生事物。此前,公立高校能否贷款、怎么贷款、贷款性质如何界定、贷款如何审批管理、贷款保证如何落实、高校贷款风险解决办法等都没有合理、科学的规定,从法律角度看,是一种自发的制度安排。2000多亿的贷款,虽然极大地支持了国家高校扩招政策的落实,改善了办学条件,也弥补了国家投入的不足,但是,由于缺少理论指导和法律制度加以规范,因此出现了公立高校普遍贷款、盲目贷款,甚至部分高校不计承受能力巨额贷款、不计资金成本滥用贷款,致使出现大面积有问题贷款,其风险之严重引起了各方面的广泛关注。为此,论文将“揭示问题、化解风险、制度创新”作为研究目的。研究思路是从“基础理论”到“制度分析”,再到“制度完善”和“实证分析”。论文立足构建公立高校新的银行贷款法律制度,以公立高校银行贷款实践活动和自发制度安排以及出现的问题为研究背景。这种制度的自发性表现在:从高校看,一方面国家为扩大内需、启动消费,出台了高校大规模扩招的“教育经济”政策,另一方面,国家财政又拿不出钱来支持高校的发展;一方面,高校急需扩大规模落实扩招政策,另一方面资金紧张,捉襟见肘。从银行当时情况看,一方面资金充裕,负债不能转化为资产难以实现利润,另一方面国有企业经营状况不佳,盲目放贷不如“惜贷”。这几对矛盾促使公立高校银行贷款制度的自发安排。论文研究以此为背景,首先从研究公立高校法律地位、公立高校与政府的关系出发,到公立高校银行贷款现行法律政策的梳理;从商业银行现代贷款制度理论、政策性银行开发金融制度理论,到公立高校银行贷款制度的特性分析,对公立高校银行贷款制度理论进行了深入研究。其次,研究国外公立高校筹资模式和制度规定,虽然国外有高校募捐优惠政策、发行教育债券的法律许可、利用资本市场融资的法律支撑等,但是迄今为止尚很少看到任何国家有允许公立高校从银行贷款的政策规定和法律制度,因此,从世界范围看,我国公立高校具有银行贷款的特殊性,是公立高校融资发展的一个特例,也是中国国情的体现。对此研究,无疑具有较高的理论价值,是对教育经济与管理、院校管理理论的丰富和发展。其三,结合实际案例,通过商业银行、政策性银行与公立高校的金融合作现状及对公立高校贷款的风险预测、还款能力分析、担保形式论证等,对高校和商业银行、政策性银行和项目融资贷款制度进行了实证分析、研究和评价。其四,系统且深入地分析研究了公立高校银行贷款存在的制度问题,即短期贷款长期使用引发的借新还旧制度问题,高校不正当自主权行使引发的过度贷款问题,高校贷款保证引发的收费权质押制度问题,高校贷款风险和收益的非相关性引发的贷款管理制度问题。为化解有问题贷款和构建新制度奠定了基础。其五,在研究以上问题的基础上,从解决现实问题出发,论证了化解公立高校贷款风险的可行性方案,即“偿还一块、置换一块、转化一块、保留一块”;从法律层面论证了公立高校政策性银行贷款的合法性、可行性;从建立长效制度出发,初步构建了公立高校适度贷款制度、政策性银行贷款为主和商业银行贷款为辅的制度、高校银行贷款审批管理制度、高校银行贷款担保制度等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1999, banking loan in council universities has been a new-born thing in the current campus with the recruit students expansion. Before that, many correlative problems have no reasonable and scientific regulation, such as whether the council university can ask for a bank loan, how to loan, how to define the loan, how to examine and approve the loan, how to guarantee the loan fulfillment and how to solve the risk of the council university loan. This is a spontaneous arrangement of the system with the angle in the law. Although the sum of the loan has provided more than 200 billion yuan to fulfill the national recruit students expansion policy in order to improve the university conditions and make up the lack of national devotion, due to the lack of theoretical instruction and regulated legal system, some universities sometimes appear the blindness loan, even some substantive loans over their capacity and the abuse of the banking loan, which bring about a lot of iffy loan and its serious risk arose the social attention. Therefore, the thesis study at the aim of opening out problems, resolve risks and innovate the system. The research method is from the basic theory, demonstration analysis and system perfection.The thesis is to build up the new-style banking loan legal system in council universities with the study background of the practicing activities and spontaneous arrangement of the system of the council university banking loan. The spontaneous characteristics of the system is that, for the state, on one hand, the state comes on a‘educational economy’policy of the recruit students expansion in order to expand domestic demand and consumption;on the other hand, the national finance can not afford the development of universities; for the universities, on one hand, they need to expand the campus and other equipments to fulfill the recruit students expansion policy; on the other hand, they are lack of money in straitened circumstances. For current situation of the banks, on one hand, liabilities cannot translate into assets and be difficult to get profit; on the other hand, state-owned enterprises were in bad condition and the banks do not want to continue to provide a loan to them. The above contradictions make the spontaneous arrangement of the council university banking loan system.The thesis firstly studies the theory of the council university banking loan system from the point of the legal status of the council university and the relation between the council university and the state. Secondly, it research on the fundraising mode and the system regulation in foreign countries. In the world, the council university banking loan in China has its particular characteristics which is an example of the council university financing development. This research undoubtedly has higher value on theory. It is the abundance and the development of the educational economy and management and the theory of academy management. Thirdly, it comes to the demonstration analysis, research and evaluation of the universities, the commercial banks, the policy banks and the item financing loan system with some real cases. Fourthly, the thesis analysis current problems of the council university banking loan system deeply in order to establish the base of resolving the iffy loan and the new system. In the last part, the author brings about the feasibility scheme of resolving the risk of the council university banking loan and proves the validity and the feasibility of the council university policy banking loan system on law. The thesis finally table a proposal to set up the council university moderate loan system, the policy banking loan system with the supplement of the commercial banking loan, the council university banking loan risk management and the council university banking loan risk guarantee.更多还原