【作者】 刘会勇；

【导师】 李伟；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 泵送混凝土施工工程中,混凝土的搅拌和泵送通常在相距较远的两地进行,搅拌、运输和施工方也常为三个不同的单位。建筑机械租赁业中因信息不对称而处于劣势的一方——施工用户方——提出急需混凝土泵排量的实时测量方法和系统。混凝土泵排量的实时测量不仅能给施工双方或三方的业务结算带来方便,同时还保证施工质量以及为有关部门提供监测的客观依据。本文首先介绍了混凝土泵结构类型和工作原理;根据流变学原理分析了泵送混凝土流动特征、泵送混凝土在输送管内的压力变化及影响泵送混凝土压力损失的各种因素,为排量测量方法的研究奠定了理论基础;基于仿真软件AMESim建立了混凝土泵液压系统的仿真模型,进行了仿真研究,为排量测量方法的研究提供了理论依据;根据混凝土泵工作原理建立了排量数学模型,在分析混凝土泵工作过程的基础上,分别提出基于压力的排量测量方法、基于压力和位移的排量测量方法、基于压力变化趋势的排量测量方法、基于压力变化趋势和位移的排量测量方法;基于虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW编写了混凝土泵车压力和位移数据采集程序,现场测量了泵送液压系统压力、混凝土泵出口压力和混凝土泵活塞位移;分析了混凝土泵压力和位移测量信号的特点,分别采用中值滤波、滑动平均滤波、小波变换、自适应滤波和小波自适应滤波方法,对混凝土泵压力和位移测量信号进行数据处理,根据试验数据对各种测量方案进行分析和比较;介绍了混凝土泵排量实时测量装置硬件组成和安装结构,设计了测量装置的硬件和软件,讨论了排量测量装置的抗干扰措施;最后,根据混凝土泵各个子系统工作原理,介绍了混凝土泵智能监测和控制系统硬件组成和安装结构,设计了混凝土泵智能监测和控制系统的硬件和软件。本文提出的排量测量方法通过分析混凝土泵压力和位移信号,计算每个泵送冲程的实时泵送效率系数和实际排量,将所有泵送冲程的实际排量累加,即得到混凝土泵总的实际排量。通过现场试验,本文提出的排量测量方法与现有的各种排量测量方法相比较,提高了测量准确度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the pumping concrete construction engineering, the agitation and pumping of concrete are usually carried out in two different places, one of which is far away from the other, and the agitation unit, the delivery unit as well as the construction unit are often three different units. The construction unit, which is in the inferiority because of the unbalance information among the construction machine rent industry, proposes urgently need the real-time measuring method and system of the concrete pump discharge. The real-time measuring of the concrete pump discharge not only brings the convenience to the two or three units, but also guarantees the construction quality, and provides the related department objective evidence for monitoring.In this paper, the structure type and the working principle of the concrete pump are introduced firstly. Based on the rheology theory, the flow characteristic of pumping concrete and the pressure change of the pumping concrete in pipeline as well as the factors that influence the pressure change of the pumping concrete are analyzed, and the theoretical basis for study on the measuring method of the concrete pump discharge is established. Based on the simulation software AMESim, the simulation model of the hydraulic system of the concrete pump is built, and the simulation is carried out, and the theoretical foundation for study on the measuring method of the concrete pump discharge is provided. The mathematic model of the concrete pump discharge is established according to the working principle of the concrete pump, and the measuring methods of the concrete pump discharge based on pressure, based on pressure and displacement, based on pressure change trend, based on pressure change trend and displacement are proposed on the basis of analysising the working processing of the concrete pump. Based on the virtual instrument software LabVIEW, the pressure and displacement data acquisition program of the concrete pump is written, and the pressure of the pumping hydraulic system, the pressure of the out and the piston displacement of the concrete pump is measured on site. The characteristic of the pressure and displacement signals are analyzed, and the data processing for the pressure and displacement signals are carried out using some filtering methods including median filtering, moving average filtering, wavelet filtering, adaptive filtering as well as wavelet adaptive filtering, and each measuring methods are analyzed and compared according to the experimental data. The hardware component and assembly structure of the real-time measuring instrument of the concrete pump discharge is introduced, and the hardware and software of the instrument are designed, and some anti-interference steps for the instrument are discussed. Finally, based on the working principle of each subsystem of the concrete pump, The hardware component and assembly structure of the intelligent monitoring and control system of the concrete pump is introduced, and the hardware and software of the system are designed.In this paper, each measuring method is realized by analysising the pressure and displacement signals, calculating the real-time pumping efficiency factor and actual discharge in each pumping stroke, accumulating the actual discharge in all pumping stroking, and obtaining the total actual discharge. By field experiment, comparing with the current measuring methods, the measuring methods proposed in this paper improve the measuring accuracy.更多还原