【作者】 杜小强；

【导师】 陈子辰； 梅德庆；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本学位论文结合浙江省科技计划重大机电装备专项“高速高舒适性曳引电梯关键技术研究与产业化开发”(项目编号:2006C11251),通过理论分析、数值仿真及实验验证,对高速曳引电梯系统动力学建模与分析方法、噪声预测及影响因素等方面进行了深入系统地研究。第一章,阐述了本学位论文的研究背景与意义,详细介绍了国内外在电梯动力学和噪声分析等领域的研究现状。在此基础之上,提出了论文的主要研究内容。第二章,提出了一种曳引绳-轿厢系统时变元模型,将曳引绳处理为运动弹性弦,与其底端相连的轿厢处理为质量-弹簧-阻尼元件结构,并运用Lagrange方法推导了该系统的水平方向非线性时变动力学方程。以五次多项式拟合得到的电梯运行状态曲线作为运动参数输入,采用高精度、高效率的精细积分法进行算例分析,结果表明提出的高速曳引电梯时变元模型及其求解方法是有效的。第三章,以滚动导靴-导轨为研究对象,在对其耦合接触关系作近似描述的基础上,基于Hertz弹性接触理论和Kalker线性蠕滑理论分别推导了滚动导靴与导轨之间的法向接触刚度和切向接触剛度计算式。根据滚动导靴的不圆度偏差和导轨的廓形偏差,拟合了滚动导靴与导轨之间的不平顺激励,由此建立了滚动导靴的动力学方程。第四章,阐述了用于复杂系统分析的直接积分-界面位移综合法的基本思想和求解过程。在前两章提出的曳引绳时变元模型和滚动导靴接触模型的基础上,对高速曳引电梯进行子结构划分和构建直接积分形式的子结构振动控制方程,根据界面协调条件组集得到整体系统的动力学方程。最后,对高速曳引电梯整体系统动力学模型进行了求解和实验验证。第五章,讨论了轿体和导轨的模型化方法,采用滚动导靴独立建模、以连续弹性离散点支承Euler梁模型描述导轨的思想,建立了考虑滚动导靴-导轨接触机理的高速曳引电梯轿体-导轨系统动力相互作用模型,并通过仿真计算与实验测试结果的比较证明了模型的有效性。第六章,在系统讨论高速曳引电梯轿厢统计能量分析建模方法的基础上,利用理论计算和实验测试得到高速曳引电梯轿厢各子系统的模态密度、内损耗因子、耦合损耗因子和输入功率,最终建立了预测高速曳引电梯轿厢内部噪声的SEA模型。模型的有效性验证实验结果表明该模型的可信度较高,可以用于高速曳引电梯轿厢内部噪声的预测。第七章,基于高速曳引电梯轿厢SEA模型,首先比较了滚动导靴振动功率输入和机房噪声功率输入对轿厢内噪声的影响程度,预测了不同运行速度和导轨状况下轿厢内噪声响应。然后,在分析了围绕轿厢的子系统对轿内噪声的贡献大小之后,对轿厢声学特性参数进行灵敏度分析及优化,确定主要敏感子系统参数对轿厢内部噪声的影响规律,并给出了具体的结论和建议。第八章,对论文的主要研究工作和创新点作了总结,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supported by the Scientific and Technical Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2006C11251), "Development of the Key Technology of High Speed and Good Comfort Traction Elevators and Its Industrialization",the dynamic model and analysis methods of high speed traction elevators and its noise prediction and factor analysis,are studied systematically in this dissertation by combining theoretical analysis,numerical simulation with experimental verification.In Chapter 1,the background and significance of the research were introduced,the development trend and current research situations of the dynamics and acoustics of traction elevators were expatiated,and the research contents of this dissertation were proposed.In Chapter 2,a time-varying element model of the hoist cable-car system was proposed by modeling the system as a moving elastic string with a mass-spring-damper unit attached at the bottom which represents the elevator car.According to the Lagrange method,the horizontal nonlinear dynamic equation with time-varying parameters for high speed traction elevator was derived.Utilizing the fifth order polynomial fitted movement profile as the input,the vibration response of a high speed traction elevator case was calculated based on the precise integration method.Results demonstrate the validity of the time-varying element model and the solution.In Chapter 3,based on the approximate treatment of the contact relationship between the guide roller and rail,the expressions of the contact stiffness in normal direction and tangential direction were derived according to the Hertz’s elastical contact theory and Kalker’s linear creep theory respectively.The irregularity excitation due to the roller’s roundness tolerance and the rail’s unevenness was fitted.Then the dynamic equations of the guide rollers were constructed.In Chapter 4,the immediate integration - interface displacement synthetic method which is applied to analyze the complex system was represented.Based on the time-varying element model of the hoist cable and the contact model of the guide roller,the high speed traction elevator system was divided into several substructures and their governing equations expressed in the immediate integration format were derived.Then the dynamic equation of the whole system was assembled and solved according to the interface compatibility conditions.And the calculation result was compared with the experimental result.In Chapter 5,the modeling methodology of the elevator car and the guide rail was discussed.The dynamical interaction model of the high speed traction elevator car - rail system was established including the contact mechanism of the guide roller and vail,In this model,the guide rollers were modeled separately,and the gnide rail was modeled as a continuous elastical Euler beam with discrete supports.The interaction model was verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results.In Chapter 6,the Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA) method was investigated systematically.Then the modal density,interior loss factor,coupling loss factor and power input of each subsystem of the high speed traction elevator car were acquired by theoretical calculation and measurement.And the SEA model for predicting the noise in the high speed traction elevator car was built.The validity test has manifested the reliability of the SEA model.In Chapter 7,utilizing the SEA model of high speed traction elevator car,the noise in the elevator car due to the power input from the guide roller vibration and the noise from the machine room was compared.And the acoustic response in the elevator car was predicted with different running speed and guide rail irregularity.Then the acoustic contribution of each subsystem was contrasted.Based on the sensitivity analysis,the SEA parameters of the subsystems which affect the sound pressure of the elevator car the most sensitively were determined.At last,the effects of the mainly sensitive subsystems on the interior acoustic environment of the elevator car were simulated.Also detailed conclusions and suggestions were presented.In Chapter 8,the chief work and innovations of this dissertation were summarized,and the further research subjects were proposed.更多还原