【作者】 陈昌洪；

【导师】 霍学喜；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 四川生猪具有低成本生产优势、数量优势和价格比较优势，但是由于生猪产品质量安全水平低，营销手段落后和技术壁垒等诸多因素的制约，生猪产品的国际市场占有率低，国际竞争力弱，生猪产业的比较优势未能转化为竞争优势和经济优势。在经济全球化和加入WTO后，国内生猪产品市场由供需平衡转变为供应相对充足和阶段性、结构性供大于求的背景下，研究四川生猪国际竞争力变动规律和比较优势转化为竞争优势的机理，提高四川生猪国际竞争力，促进生猪产业又好又快发展，具有重大的理论和现实意义。国内对农业竞争力研究的论著较多，但是针对生猪国际竞争力的专门研究很少，四川生猪国际竞争力研究至今仍是空白。本文以比较优势理论、产业国际竞争力理论、产业组织理论、交易成本理论和循环经济理论为理论基础，借鉴国内外己有的研究成果，采用计量经济分析和统计分析等规范分析与实证分析相结合的研究方法，构建生猪国际竞争力的分析框架，利用“六因素模型”深入分析影响生猪国际竞争力的因素，建立生猪国际竞争力综合评价指标体系对生猪国际竞争力进行科学测定，为提高四川生猪国际竞争力提供理论和实证依据。论文的研究内容和主要观点如下：第一章导论。从加入WTO后四川生猪产业发展所处国内外环境出发，着重阐述了研究的背景、目的和意义。在此基础上，对国内外产业国际竞争力和生猪国际竞争力的研究动态作了较为全面、客观的综述和评价，指出了可借鉴的主要理论、重要观点和基本方法以及研究中的不足。文献综述表明探索生猪比较优势转化为竞争优势的机理，提高生猪产品质量安全水平，完善生猪国际竞争力的测定方法，依然是值得关注和研究的重要领域。根据研究目的和关键问题，构思出本文研究的思路，研究方法，总结了论文的可能创新之处。第二章生猪国际竞争力理论分析。本章在导论的基础上，首先根据国内外学者对国际竞争力的研究结论，结合生猪产业特点，界定了生猪国际竞争力，认为其本质是比较生产力，是竞争力资产、竞争力过程与竞争力环境的统一体。其次，应用交易成本理论和创新理论，采用比较分析法，分析了比较优势与竞争优势的关系，阐明了生猪比较优势转化为竞争优势的机理：生猪比较优势是竞争优势的基础因素；交易效率是生猪比较优势转化为竞争优势的市场条件；创新是生猪比较优势转化为竞争优势的动力和根本途径。最后，指出本研究以比较优势理论和竞争优势理论为基础，同时综合运用创新理论，构建了比较优势、竞争优势与创新优势相结合的生猪产业国际竞争力理论，认为比较优势是竞争力的客观基础，竞争优势是竞争力的现实态势，创新优势是竞争力持续的源泉，三者的本质都是促进生产力水平的提高，创新优势使比较优势与竞争优势从静态走向动态。第三章．四川生猪生产、贸易、消费及国际比较分析。本章运用比较分析法和统计分析方法，利用详实的数据分析了四川生猪生产、贸易和消费情况，并与世界生猪生产和出口大国进行了比较，对国外生猪产业具有代表性的丹麦、美国和巴西等国家在提高生猪国际竞争力方面的经验进行了剖析。得出以下结论：一是四川生猪具有生产优势和数量优势，但是生猪生产组织化程度低，在深加工和产业化方面存在不足，在生产方式、技术支持和疫病监控等方面与丹麦和美国差距大，在生产成本上受到巴西生猪的挑战。二是在国际市场上，四川生猪产品与发达国家相比质量水平不高，与巴西的猪肉竞争激烈，形成相互替代关系，同时受制于国外技术壁垒，竞争力弱。三是国外强大的猪肉需求，特别是周边国家的猪肉需求，为四川生猪开拓国际市场提供了前提条件，也是四川生猪产品的机会所在。四是四川需要结合自身实际，根据适用条件，有选择地借鉴吸收丹麦、美国和巴西等国提高生猪国际竞争力的经验，为我所用。第四章．影响四川生猪国际竞争力的因素分析。本章以产业国际竞争力理论为基础，借鉴波特“钻石”模型构建了生猪国际竞争力“六因素模型’’，采用因素分析法和案例分析法，对影响四川生猪产业国际竞争力的生产要素条件、需求条件、相关和支撑条件、生产、储运、经营主体状况、政府作用和机遇等因素进行了系统深入的剖析，研究发现：四川生猪产业发展的生产要素禀赋良好，但是与先进国家差距明显；猪肉国内需求持续增长并呈多样化发展趋势：四川种猪研发成效显著、繁育及技术推广体系逐步健全，但是科技水平较低：饲料和饲料添加剂快速发展为四川生猪持续发展提供了条件；生猪屠宰及加工业发展较快但水平较低；农户散养的生产方式不适应生产发展需要、规模化养殖受环境压力大；加强猪肉供应链管理是生猪储运发展的方向；股份合作型龙头企业是生猪经营主体发展方向；政府在生猪产业发展中具有重要作用，但目前政策法规不完善，政府支持有限；生猪产业发展面临多种机遇。第五章．四川生猪国际竞争力的测度。本章以产业国际竞争力评价方法为指导，应用系统论原理，结合生猪产业特点，设计了竞争绩效评价指标群和竞争实力评价指标群，建立起较系统的生猪国际竞争力评价指标体系。竞争绩效评价指标群包括：国际市场占有率(MS)、出口渗透率(EPR)、出口导向率(EOR)、贸易竞争力指数(TC)、显示性比较优势指数(RCA)、显示性竞争优势指数(CA)、固定市场份额模型(CMS)。竞争实力评价指标群包括价格竞争力、成本竞争力、质量竞争力、市场营销竞争力、技术竞争力和生产竞争力等方面的指标。运用计量经济模型和统计分析方法，对四川生猪国际竞争力水平进行了测定，得出如下结论：一是四川猪肉主要以国内销售为主，外向型程度不高，能出口的猪肉具有较大的贸易比较优势和出口竞争力，但是与丹麦、加拿大和美国等发达国家有很大的差距。二是四川生猪具有成本价格优势，但综合竞争力较弱。三是四川生猪的质量安全竞争力较弱，但正在逐步提高。四是生猪市场营销竞争力较差。五是生猪技术竞争力不强。六是生猪生产竞争力提高快，但与国外生猪生产先进国家相比差距大。第六章．提升四川生猪国际竞争力的对策建议。本章在前文研究的基础上，对四川生猪国际竞争力方面存在的问题进行了总结。借鉴国际上提升生猪国际竞争力先进经验，结合四川生猪产业发展的实际，针对存在的主要问题，从制度创新、技术创新和组织创新等方面提出提升四川生猪国际竞争力的六大主要对策措施：完善生猪产业发展的政策法规体系；建立生猪质量安全保证体系；加强生猪产业先进科学技术的推广；提高产业组织化水平，实现规模化生产方式变革；提高生猪市场交易效率；发展生猪产业循环经济，走可持续发展之路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pigs in Sichuan province have low cost production advantage, quantitative superiority and price relative advantage, however, as affected by many factors, such as, the low level of production quality safety, backward selling means and technological barrier etc, the compete capacity and the possessive rate of pig productions are weak in the international market, the comparative advantages of pig industry can’t be transformed into competitive advantage and economic advantage. Under the background of the facts that the domestic market construction of pig productions has changed from "balance of supply and demand" to " stage and structural supply exceeds demand" , as well as the economic globalization and after entering WTO, so it is great significance theoretical and practical meaning to study issues on which varying regulation of pig international competitiveness, mechanism of transforming comparative advantage to competitive advantage, improving the pig industry international competitiveness, realizing "good and quick" development of the pig industry. Current study on agricultural competitiveness is too general and fails to dig special into pig industry international competitiveness and none of study on Sichuan pig industry international competitiveness at present. Based on comparative advantage theory, industrial international competitiveness theory, industrial organization theory , transaction cost theory and circulation economic theory, using research results of overseas and domestic, combining normative analysis and positive analysis with econometrics and statistics analysis, this dissertation constructs the analysis framework, and establishes the index system of international competitiveness to scientific measure pig industry, and makes deep analysis influence factors of pig industry international competitiveness by the six-factor model, in an attempt to offer the theory and substantial basis for increasing Sichuan pig industry international competitiveness.The contents of the thesis and main conclusions are as follows:Chapter One: Introduction. Starting from the international and domestic environments to Sichuan pig industry after entering WTO, this paper has explained research background, purpose and important meaning of studying international competitiveness of pig industry. This dissertation makes a more comprehensive and objective review for the domestic and international researches development about industry competitiveness and pig industry international competitiveness. It points out that the treatise can draw main theory, import viewpoint and basic methods, which are from their research results, and study defect. A review of literature shows that it’s still a noted and important research fields to explore mechanism of transforming comparative advantage to competitive advantage, increase the level of production quality and safety, improve the measuring method for the pig industry international competitiveness. According to the studying purpose and key problem, the paper proposes the research street map and main research approaches; then it introduced the innovation of the thesis.Chapter Two: Analysis of the Pig Industry International competitiveness On the basis of introduction, according to the researches’ conclusions, combined with characteristic of pig industry, this chapter firstly defines the pig industry international competitiveness that its essence is comparative productivity and a unity of competitive assets, competitive process and competence surroundings. Secondly, using transaction cost theory and innovation theory, adopting comparative analysis method, this chapter analyzes deeply relationship between comparative advantage and competitive advantage, expounds mechanism of transforming comparative advantage to competitive advantage. This section elucidates transformation conditions concretely are as follows: Comparative advantage is basic factor of competitive advantage. Transaction efficiency is market condition of comparative advantage transforms competitive advantage. Innovation is power and basic way of comparative advantage transforms competitive advantage. Finally, It points out that the study is on the foundation of theory of comparative advantage and competitive advantage, comprehensive applied innovative theory simultaneously, constructed the theory of pig industry international competitiveness, combined with comparative advantage, competitive advantage and innovative advantage. Comparative advantage is the objective basis for competitiveness. Competitive advantage is the actual situation of competitiveness. Innovation advantage is the sustained source for competitiveness, and makes comparative advantage and competitive advantage from static state to dynamic state.Chapter Three: Production, Trade, Consumption and its International Comparison of Pigs in Sichuan Province Using comparative analysis and statistics analysis method, full and accurate data, this chapter analyzes the condition of pig production, trade and consumption in Sichuan and compared with the main product and export countries in the world, and dissects experience on improving the pig international competitiveness from representative foreign countries including Denmark, America and Brazil. The conclusions are: firstly, the pigs in Sichuan province have production advantage and quantitative superiority, but the pig production organized is very low, the pig industry has some deficiencies on further processing and industrialization. There is large disparity on production mode, technology support and supervision of epidemic disease comparing with Denmark and America. The pig production cost in Sichuan is challenged by Brazil. Secondly, the quality level of pig production in the world market in Sichuan is lower than developed countries. The pork between Sichuan and Brazil has mutually replaceable relationship, and their competitions are fierce. The pig industry competitiveness is restricted to foreign technological barriers, so the competitiveness is very weak. Thirdly, it’s the premise condition for Sichuan pig industry to exploit international market by foreign sustained increased demand for pork, especially neighboring countries, where opportunity for domestic enterprises lies. Fourth, pig production operators in Sichuan should draw on the advanced experience of Denmark, America and Brazil in the light of their own actual and applicable conditions, in order to improve the pig industry international competitiveness.Chapter Four: Influencing Factors on Pig Industry International Competitiveness in Sichuan Province On the basis of industry international competitiveness theory, using Michael Porter’s diamond model, this chapter constructs the six-factor model of pig industry international competitiveness. By adopting the method of factor analysis and case analysis, this section profound analysis decisive and influencing factors of pig industry international competitiveness which includes production elements, demand condition, relative and supportive industries, the subject status of production, storage and transportation and management, government and opportunities. The author obtains some important conclusions through induction and summarization the results, as follows: Sichuan owns excellent factor endowments to develop pig industry, but its distinct gap between Sichuan and advanced countries. The domestic pork demand has been sustained growth and presented diversification trends. The feed and feed additives development rapidly provides condition for Sichuan pig industry sustained development. The research and development of Sichuan breeding pigs has achieved notable effect. The systems of breeding and technology popularization has perfected gradually,but the level of science and technology is low. The pig slaughtering and processing industry grows fast, but they should be improved level. The production pattern of peasant households hog feeding is not suit to pig development. It’s direction for storage and transportation to strengthen supply chain management. The leading enterprise of shareholding cooperative type is direction for the main body of management. The government is playing an irreplaceable role on pig industry development, but its surport is limited. There are many opportunities for the pig industry development in the future. Chapter Five: Measurement on Pig International Competitiveness in Sichuan Province Guiding evaluation method of industry international competitiveness, applying the principle of systematology, combing with characteristic of pig industry, this chapter designs two kinds of evaluation indexes which consists of competitive performance and competitive strength, and describes them in detail. The competitive performance indexes mainly include the international market share (MS), EPR, EOR, TC, RCA, CA and CMS. The competitive strength indexes are formed from such indexes of price competitive power, cost competitiveness, quality competitiveness, marketing competitiveness, technological competitiveness and productive competitiveness. Using econometrics model and statistics analysis method, the chapter measures pig industry international competitiveness of Sichuan. The conclusions are: firstly, the pork in Sichuan sales mainly in domestic market, and the degree of export-oriented is very low. It has a large comparative advantage and stronger competitiveness for export pork in Sichuan, but there is a big gap comparing with Denmark, Canada and America. Secondly, the pig in Sichuan possesses cost and price advantage, however, the comprehensive competitiveness is poor. Thirdly, the pig competitiveness of quality and safety in Sichuan is poor, but its level is growing up gradually. Fourth, the pig marketing competitiveness is weak. Fifthly, the pig technological competitiveness is low. Finally, the pig productive competitiveness increases fast, but it has a big disparity comparing with foreign advanced countries.Chapter Six: The suggestion of Promoting International Competitiveness of Pig Industry in Sichuan Province Based on the preceding chapters, this chapter summarizes the main problems from former study. Drawing on the international advanced experience, combing with the reality of pig industry and focusing on the main problems, the paper proposes six main Countermeasures from aspects of institutional innovation, technologic innovation and organized innovation, in order to improve the pig industry international competitiveness. Those main Countermeasures are as follows: Improve system of policies and regulations of the pig industry development. Establish guarantee system of quality and safety. Strengthen R&D, popularization and application of advanced science and technology.Raise organization degree of pig industry and transform the production way. Increase transaction rate of pig industry market. Develop cyclic economy of piggery industry and take the road of sustainable development.更多还原