桃仁质量研究

【作者】 颜永刚；

【导师】 万德光；

【作者基本信息】 成都中医药大学 ， 中药学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 桃仁来源于蔷薇科(Rosaceae)植物桃Prunus persica(L-)Batsch.或山桃P.davidiana(Carr.)Franch.的干燥成熟种子。其功效为活血祛瘀,润肠通便。用于经闭,痛经,癥瘕痞块,跌扑损伤,肠燥便秘。为活血化瘀要药,临床功效卓著,在血府逐瘀汤(《医林改错》)、生化汤(《傅青主女科》)、桂枝茯苓丸(《金匮要略》)、桃核承气汤(《伤寒论》)等医家名方中均重用桃仁,现代研究亦表明桃仁对心脑血管疾病疗效显著,近年来受到广泛关注。本课题通过本草考证及现代商品调查研究,明确了桃仁的用药历史,及其历代药用概况,为追踪桃仁的功效物质基础提供了文献支撑,收集了2005年版《中国药典》收录的桃仁两个基源品种蔷薇科(Rosaceae)植物桃P.persica(L.)Batsch.或山桃P.davidiana(Carr.)Franch.的34个不同品种和不同产地的桃仁样品。总结了桃仁的分布概况、主产地、及商品流通地。通过对桃仁化学成分的系统研究,明确了桃仁中的化学成分类型,以桃仁历代本草记载及临床应用的活血化瘀功效为研究目标,采用药理学方法,筛选出了能代表桃仁内在质量并与其功能主治活血化瘀基本吻合的有效部位——石油醚提取部位,在此基础上运用现代先进提取、分离、纯化技术及手段,从石油醚部分得到了3个含量较高化合物,用波谱解析、化学分析的方法鉴定其结构,分别是:棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸。首次通过小鼠凝血时间的测定、小鼠耳廓微循环、大鼠寒凝血瘀证三个活血化瘀药效验证实验,证明桃仁油(亚油酸、油酸的相对含量＞90%)有显著的活血化瘀作用,确定了其中的不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸、油酸为桃仁活血化瘀有效组分之一。首次采用气相色谱与质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,对桃仁活血化瘀有效部位——脂肪酸部位进行了分析研究,建立了桃仁药材34个样品脂肪酸GC-MS指纹图谱及采用GC-MS评价桃仁的方法,为对桃仁活血化瘀的物质基础进行控制,以及桃仁在临床上的深入应用和桃仁在制剂中的深开发提供了理论基础和客观指标。采用气相色谱(GC)法测定了34个桃仁样品中的棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸的含量,同时采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定了34个桃仁样品中的苦杏仁苷的含量,建立了采用HPLC和GC评价桃仁的方法,并提出了标准。初次建立了基于桃仁有效组分、主要毒副作用成分苦杏仁苷的科学、先进、操作性强的多指标质量评价体系,制定能够确切反映桃仁内在质量的量化评价指标,并起草了桃仁的质量标准,争取成为国家参照执行的药材标准,为新版《中国药典》桃仁质量提供新标准,为其临床应用提供理论基础。通过对桃仁品种、品质与药效相关性的分析,首次建立了桃仁品质与药效相关性的数学模型,该模型较好的反应与印证了前面章节所做研究和分析的结果。如桃仁的品种(桃仁、山桃仁)和产地(主产地、非主产地)都与桃仁的品质具有较好的相关性,该模型对桃仁的药效评价具有很好的参考价值,这对桃仁的药效筛选有一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Semen persicae for Blood Circulation to drugs,clinical their effectiveness,and from Rosaceae(Rosaceae) plant peach Prunus persica(L.) Batsch.Prunus davidiana or Prunus davidiana(Carr.) Franch.Dry mature seeds.Huoxue Quyu for their effectiveness,Runchang purge.For the closure,dysmenorrhea,with Zheng Jia Seoul block or flutter injury,intestinaldry constipation.Xuefuzhuyu in soup("YiLin Gaicu"),biochemicalsoup("Section Fuqingzhunvke woman"),Guizhifuling Pill ("JinKuiYaoLue"),Taohe Dachengqitang("Typhoid" ) Doctors who are arguably the reuse Semen persicae,modern research also shows that Semen persicae on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases notable effect,received extensive attention in recent years.Textual research this issue through research and modern goods,defined Semen persicae medication history,and ancient medicinal Overview,Below Semen persicae tracking the effectiveness of the base to provide material support literature,the 2005 edition of the collection "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" recorded two Semen persicae a variety of sources Rosaceae(Rosaceae) plant peach Prunus persica(L.) Batsch.or Prunus davidiana(Carr.) Franch.in 34 different varieties and different origin Semen persicaesamples.Familiar with the profile of peach kernel,the main origin,and the circulation of commodities.The topic of Semen persicae chemical constituents through systematic study on the Semen persicae clear in the chemical composition of type,combining ancient herbal medicine Semen persicae Blood Circulation documented effectiveness of pharmacology at the same time,selected to represent Semen persicae inherent quality, and its function Indications -- Blood Circulation effective basic anastomosis site proved Semen persicae Blood Circulation for the material basis of the petroleum ether extract Semen persicae site and,based on this use of modern advanced extraction, separation,purification techniques and means,that is,use of modern advanced separation Semen persicae means of the chemical composition of petroleum ether site study from the petroleum ether have been part of three high content of compounds, using spectral analysis,chemical analysis of the identified structure,namely:palmitic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid.The first time the clotting time of mice,mouse ear microcirculation,Hanning rat blood stasis three Blood Circulation.pharmacodynamics verification test to prove that palm oil acid,linoleic acid,unsaturated fatty acids for two Huoxue of Semen persicae Stasis effective component.First used gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used for the peach kernel fatty acid sites were analyzed studies,the establishment of the 34 samples Semen persicae medicine fatty acids by GC-MS fingerprinting for Semen persicae Blood Circulation basis of the material control,and peach kernel in a more in-depth clinical applications and peach kernel in the preparation of the application and provides the theoretical basis of objective indicators.First used gas chromatography(GC) Determination of the 34 samples of Semen persicae palmitic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid content,using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) determination of the 34 samples of the plight Semen persicae Almond by HPLC,peach kernel based on the initial establishment of an effective component,the main side effects ingredients amygdalin science,advanced, easy-to the Multiple Indicator quality evaluation system developed to accurately reflect the inherent quality of Semen persicae quantified appraisal,and drafted Semen persicae quality standards,a national reference for the implementation of the standard medicines for the new version of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" Semen persicae provide a new quality standard for its clinical application to provide’a theoretical basis.Through the peach seed varieties,the quality and relevance of the effect of the establishment of a peach kernel quality and relevance of the effect mathematical model,the model better response and confirmed the previous chapters by the results of research and analysis.If Semen persicae species(Semen persicae mountain peach kernel),and origin(the origin,the non-origin) are and the quality is better Semen persicae the relevance of the peach kernel of the model has a good evaluation of the efficacy of the reference value,which the Semen persicae Screening effect to a certain extent guiding significance.更多还原