生产性服务对不同阶段产业集群竞争力影响研究

【作者】 郑才林；

【导师】 沈祖志； 施放；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 在经济全球化背景下,产业的集群发展已经是一种世界性的经济现象。20世纪90年代以来,我国率先成长起来的长三角、珠三角和环渤海湾三大都市圈最显著特征就是以产业集群为其主要的区域经济组织形式;浙江省经济高速增长的重要原因也在于产业集群的快速发展。但是面对着全球化、网络化和分工体系的加强,粗放式的发展难以为继,产业集群亟需建立一种新的发展模式和支撑要素;而生产性服务能够对经济增长效率产生直接推动,其对产业集群的积极作用受到国内外理论和实践界普遍关注和重视,建立和完善面向产业集群的现代生产性服务体系已成为产业集群升级或其竞争力提升的一个重要战略措施。然而,生产性服务对产业集群竞争力影响进行系统深入的理论研究并不多见。缺乏系统深入的理论指导,必将影响实践的成效。本文以动态研究视角,结合理论分析和实证分析,创新性地提出了基于产业集群生命周期的生产性服务对产业集群竞争力影响的多阶段概念模型,揭示了生产性服务对不同阶段产业集群竞争力动态影响的作用规律,实现了生产性服务对产业集群竞争力影响的系统性、动态性研究。本文的研究主要从以下几个方面展开:(1)介绍研究背景并提出需要解决的问题。产业集群作为一种有效的产业组织形式和区域发展模式得到了普遍认同,促进产业集群的形成和发展成为区域经济发展的重要策略选择,但在这一过程中,产业集群面临的众多挑战之一就是其竞争力的持续提升;而服务业,特别是生产性服务对经济发展的积极影响,促使人们日益关注其对产业集群发展的积极作用。但是,静态、宽泛的理论研究不足以指导如何运用生产性服务来促进产业集群发展及其竞争力的提升。本文基于产业集群生命周期理论,拓展出不同阶段产业集群竞争力的概念,对生产性服务要素体系、产业集群竞争力内涵、生产性服务对产业集群竞争力的影响进行动态研究,以弥补现有研究中存在的不足。(2)对研究的相关理论研究进行综述。本文在围绕产业集群竞争力概念梳理、产业集群基础理论、产业集群竞争力来源机制和提升措施的基本脉络对产业集群竞争力相关理论进行系统阐述的同时;按照生产性服务内涵、基础理论和作用研究进行了生产性服务相关理论的回顾。虽然有关产业集群及其竞争力的研究越来越深入和广泛,但仍然存在众多不同的观点,对生产性服务的研究即使在国外也是众说纷纭,而国内更多的集中于综述、吸收和借鉴国外的研究。要进行生产性服务对产业集群竞争力影响的研究,亟需在理论和方法上有新的建树。(3)提出和研究不同阶段产业集群竞争力和生产性服务要素体系基本内涵,分析生产性服务要素对不同阶段竞争力的影响关系,并构建生产性服务对不同阶段产业集群竞争力影响的理论模型。本研究以集群生命周期理论为基础,拓展出形成阶段、成长阶段、成熟阶段产业集群竞争力的概念并做了简要分析,同时通过对生产性服务分类的理论溯源、客观依据及其与产业集群的相关研究,提出了基于生产要素观点的以金融服务、技术服务、商务服务和物流服务为内容的生产性服务要素体系,从而为研究建立了理论基础;然后以动态和纵向研究的视角,在生产性服务不同要素对产业集群竞争力作用理论分析的基础上,将其内在关系以产业集群演化阶段进行分解和扩展构建了生产性服务对不同阶段产业集群竞争力影响的理论模型;此外,构建了以显性优势为特点的由人才优势、网络优势、生产优势、市场优势、创新优势和企业孵化优势组成的产业集群竞争力结构因素体系,并在对基础要素进行系统的理论梳理后,对生产性服务基础要素进行了合理的解构。(4)构建产业集群竞争力结构因素和生产性服务要素的测量问项,设计调查问卷并进行数据收集。在对相关测量变量的测量方法进行一定的文献归纳后,结合研究特点和实际调研,建立了各变量的测量体系并设计了用于实际调研的调查问卷;然后进行了数据的收集,并对研究样本的选择、研究数据的收集,以及所获研究样本的基本情况进行了说明和分析。(5)进行实证分析。在上述理论分析和调研数据的基础上,首先对实证分析的方法做了简要说明;通过进行基础变量的事前检验、因素分析、信度分析和效度分析,在确保调查数据符合统计分析要求之后对理论模型进行了结构方程模型(SEM)分析,考察了模型的拟合效果,验证了理论模型;为了深入揭示生产性服务对不同阶段产业集群竞争力的影响,本研究还对基础变量及其对产业集群竞争力结构因素间的关系进行了差异性分析;最后对实证检验结果进行了讨论。本文的研究得出以下关键结论:(1)生产性服务不同要素对不同阶段产业集群竞争力均存在显著的正向影响作用;同时,对各阶段产业集群竞争力产生影响效果的等级及相应的主导因素呈现出动态变化的特征;而且,从产业集群演化的态势上来看,金融服务的影响效果呈“稳定增长”态势,其“服务因素”呈“扩展”态势,技术服务的影响效果呈“快速提升”态势,其“服务因素”呈“提升”态势,商务服务的影响效果呈“相对稳定增长”态势,其“服务因素”呈“提升”态势,物流服务的影响效果呈“慢到快增长”态势,其“服务因素”呈“扩展”态势;另外,不同服务要素对各阶段产业集群竞争力结构因素的作用具有差异性,各有侧重,并呈动态变化特征。(2)产业集群竞争力表现出从形成阶段产业集群竞争力以生产优势和企业孵化优势为主,随着产业集群的发展,到成熟阶段逐渐转化为以创新优势和网络优势为主的阶段性特征和总体演变规律。本文研究的主要创新之处:(1)本文基于产业集群生命周期不同阶段,生产性服务对产业集群竞争力动态影响的研究视角,拓展了研究的“时态性”,突破了原来以静态视角对生产性服务对产业集群竞争力影响所进行的研究,并结合了理论分析和实证研究方法,揭示了生产性服务不同要素对产业集群形成阶段、成长阶段和成熟阶段竞争力的影响效果及其静态和动态作用规律,从而使生产性服务对产业集群竞争力影响的研究更具系统性和动态性。(2)本文在构建了生产性服务综合要素体系的基础上,创新性地提出了基于产业集群生命周期的生产性服务不同要素对产业集群竞争力影响的多阶段概念模型,量化了变量之间的作用效果,从而为深入分析生产性服务对产业集群竞争力动态影响的作用规律提供了科学基础,得出的相关结论具有理论价值和实践应用价值。(3)通过实证研究的差异性分析,更深入地揭示了生产性服务对不同阶段产业集群竞争力的内在作用关系。本研究通过对生产性服务不同要素的聚类分群和对生产性服务不同要素与不同阶段产业集群竞争力结构因素的差异性分析,揭示了不同阶段中,不同服务要素对产业集群竞争力产生显著性影响的结构因素,这对于分析生产性服务与产业集群竞争力之间作用结果的原因有很大价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the process of economic globalization, industrial cluster development is a global economic phenomenon. Since the 1990s, China’s Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and Bohai Bay grew up in priority, while the most significant feature of these three central major metropolitan areas is taking industrial cluster as its major regional economic organization form; Zhejiang Province’s high-speed economic growth lies in the rapid development of industrial cluster, too. But in the face of globalization, the internet popularization and strengthening of labor division, the extensive development can not be sustainable any more, industrial cluster needs to establish new development models and support factors. While producer service has a direct promoting effect to the efficiency of economic growth, its positive role to the industrial cluster attracts general concern and attention both in theory and practice at home and abroad. The establishment and improvement of modern producer service system for the industrial cluster has become a major strategic measure of industrial cluster’s upgrading or its competitiveness enhancing.However, the system-depth theoretical study of producer service’s impacts on the competitiveness of industrial cluster is rare. It is the lack of in-depth theoretical guidance system that will certainly affect the effectiveness of practice. Through the angle of dynamic view, combining theoretical analysis and empirical research, and basing on the life circle of industrial cluster, an advanced multi-phases model of produce service’s impacts on industrial cluster competitiveness is proposed innovatively, and the model also reveals the rules of the dynamic impact. Thus the systematic and dynamic study of producer service’s impacts on industrial cluster competitiveness is realized.Main contents:(1) Introduce the background and problems need to be solved. Industrial cluster, as an effective industrial organization form and regional development model has been generally recognized. Promoting the formation and evolvement of industrial cluster is a strategic choice of regional economic development. While in the process, one of many challenges is the continuing upgrade of its competitiveness. Moreover, the positive impact of service industry on economic development attracts growing concern on its active role to the evolvement of industrial cluster, especially which of the producer service. However, the static and general theory is insufficient to guide how to use producer service to promote the evolvement of industrial cluster and enhance its competitiveness. Based on the life-cycle theory of industrial cluster, this paper develops different concept of industrial cluster competitiveness at different phases. It conducted dynamic analysis of producer service system elements, meaning of industrial cluster’s competitiveness, as well as producer service’s impact to industrial cluster to make up the shortcomings in the existing research. (2) Review the relevant theoretical research. This paper focuses on the differentiating the concept of industrial cluster’s competitiveness, industrial cluster basic theory, industrial cluster’s competitiveness source mechanisms and its enhancing measures to expound on theories related to the competitiveness of industrial cluster. While at the same time, it recalled the producer service connotation, basic theory and the role research such producer service related theory. Although the study of industrial cluster and its competitiveness is more and more in-depth and extensive, there are still many different points of view; as for producer service, foreign countries’ research is also divergent and the domestic study focused more on absorbing and using abroad study. Thus, the study of producer service’s impact to industrial cluster’s competitiveness desiderates a new contribution both in theory and method.(3) Bring forward and study industrial cluster competitiveness at different phases and elements of producer service system. Analyze the relationship between producer service elements and industrial cluster at different phases, as well as build its theory model. Based on the cluster’s life cycle theory, expanding out the industrial cluster’s competitiveness of the formative phase, the growth phase, and the maturity phase and makes a brief analysis. Through the theory traceability, objective basis and the related analysis between producer service and industrial cluster, it brings forward the producer service elements system based on the views of producing factor to financial services, technical services, business services and logistics services, so as to establish a theoretical foundation. And then from a dynamic and longitudinal study perspective, build the theoretical model of producer service’s impact to industrial cluster competitiveness at different phases. In addition, it constructed industrial cluster’s competitiveness composed by apparent advantages, such as human resource advantage, networks advantage, production advantage, marketing advantage, innovation advantage and business incubators advantage. After differentiating basic element’s theory, bring forward a reasonable deconstruction to the producer service’s basic elements.(4) Construct industrial cluster’s competitiveness and producer service element’s measurement. Design questionnaire and collect data. After summarizing certain documents of related measurement variables’ measurement methods, combining study characteristics and practical research, establishing various variables and design questionnaire used for investigation. Then collect data, describe and analyze samples available.(5) Process empirical analysis. On the basis of theoretical analysis and research data, conduct a brief description on the empirical analysis. Through pre-test, factor analysis, reliability analysis and validity analysis of basis variables, after ensuring that the survey data satisfied the analysis requirements, conduct a SEM analysis and study the model’s fitting effect. In order to reveal the producer service’s impact to industrial cluster competitiveness at different phases, this paper also analyzes the relationship between basic variables and its factors and discusses the test results. Main conclusions:(1) All of different elements of producer service have a significant positive impact on the industrial cluster competitiveness at different phases, and meanwhile, the order/degree of impacts of producer service’s elements on the industrial cluster competitiveness at different phase and its dominant factor shows a characteristic of dynamic change. And more, with the evolvement of industrial cluster, the trend of the impact of financial services shows increasing stably and its service factor emerges as expanding trend; the trend of the impact of technical services shows increasing rapidly and its service factor emerges as advancing trend; the trend of the impact of business services shows increasing relatively stably and its service factor emerges as advancing trend; and the trend of the impact of logistics services shows increasing from slowly to quickly and its service factor emerges as expanding trend. In addition, the impacts of different service elements on industrial cluster competitiveness at different phases are provided with diversity and emerged as dynamic.( 2 ) This paper also reveals that the main factors of industrial cluster competitiveness are production advantage and business incubators advantage at the formative phase, as the evolvement of industrial cluster, the main factors are innovation advantage and networks advantage at the maturity phase.Main innovations:(1) Based on the different phases of industrial cluster’s life circle and the study angle of view of produce service dynamic impacts on industrial cluster, it is expanded the span of study, which is a breakthrough of the static perspective. Combining theoretical analysis and empirical research, revealing producer service’s static and dynamic role to competitiveness of industrial cluster in the formative, growth and maturity phases, thus the study of producer service’s impacts on industrial cluster competitiveness is more systematic and dynamic.(2) Based on constructing a system of producer service and the life circle of industrial cluster, it is advanced innovatively in this paper a multi-phases model of produce service’s impacts on industrial cluster competitiveness and measured the relationship of its variability quantitatively, which reveals producer service’s impact on industrial cluster competitiveness more scientifically and both of the study’s correlated conclusions have values of theoretical and practicing.(3) Through the empirical study of the differences, this paper reveals producer service’s role mechanism to industrial clusters’ competitiveness more in-depth. And based on factor analysis, this paper also reveals the features and dynamic evolution rules of the industrial clusters competitiveness clearly, which is an effective complement of correlation study and has greater practical value.更多还原