19世纪西方文化史研究

【作者】 傅琼；

【导师】 张广智；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 世界史， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本论文通过论述19世纪西方文化史的兴起背景、发展历程、基本特征及代表性文化史家的思想,全面阐述19世纪西方文化史的基本内涵,以表明它在西方史学发展史上的重要地位,和它对西方整个史学发展进程所带来的深远影响。本论文由导论、正文和结语三部分组成。导论部分论述了本论文的选题旨趣及意义,国内外学者的研究状况,及本论文的写作思路。正文分为八章,兹分别说明如下:第一章主要分析了19世纪西方文化史兴起的社会背景、思潮状况及学术风貌,表明在考察和阐述19世纪西方文化史研究的基本情况之时,必须把它置于社会、思潮及学术的整体背景中,才能获得更为真切的认知、理解和把握。第二章主要论述了19世纪以前西方文化史的基本传统。通过对希罗多德、伏尔泰和赫尔德等三位极具代表性的著名文化史家的文化史著作及史学思想的解读,表明他们的文化史研究对19世纪文化史的借鉴与参照作用。第三章主要考察了19世纪西方文化史的发展历程。通过对文化史发展所经历的三个基本阶段的分析,表明19世纪西方文化史经历了一个与政治史逐渐分离的过程。第四章主要分析了19世纪西方文化史的基本特征。重点从研究对象、研究基点及研究取向等三个角度,展示文化史的非聚焦性、综合整体性的独特风貌,并体现出文化史研究内部的丰富多彩性,以及这种丰富多彩性如何在一定程度上影响了19世纪文化史在20世纪的传承性。第五章分析了弗朗索瓦·基佐的文化史研究情况。主要阐明他的思想的理论来源,他对欧洲文明进程的精彩分析,他对自由、法律与文明之间关系的论述,并通过这些分析揭示出他的欧洲文明进步史观和他的历史认识论。第六章主要考察了亨利·巴克尔的文化史著作及思想,考察他对文明进步规律的论述和他对宗教与文明关系的评述,并通过这些分析揭示出他重视文明进步规律的意义及其史学的社会影响力。第七章分析了雅各布·布克哈特的文化史著作及思想,考察他对文化史的兴趣来源,他对历史文化的深刻认识和他对“人的发现”的研究兴趣。同时展示他的社会历史观和历史认识论。第八章主要是论述了卡尔·兰普莱希特的文化史研究情况,考察他将文化史视为史学新方向的意涵和做法,以及他对集体心理变更和社会进步之间关联性的认识,和他对史学的影响。结语部分把19世纪西方文化史研究置于西方史学史发展的长河中,论述了19世纪西方文化史在西方史学史上的地位和影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 By discussing the birth and development of the western cultural history in 19^th century, and viewpoints of outstanding cultural historiographers, this paper thoroughly sets forth basic connotations of ideology of the western cultural history in 19^th century, and so indicates its importance in the developmental history of western historiography and far-reaching influence on the development of western historiography as a whole.This paper consists of three parts, that is, introduction, body and conclusion.The introduction is on the purpose and meaning of this study, some related researches made by scholars both at home and abroad, and train of thought of this paper.The body includes eight parts. Now to explain respectively as follow:In first part, it mainly discusses the Social background, surge of thoughts, and academic condition of the western cultural history in 19^th century. It indicates that when being observed and discussed the fundamental situation of the western cultural history in 19^th century should be put in the integrated background of Society, surge of thoughts, and academic condition. Therefore, it can be fully recognized, understood and grasped.In second part, it mainly discusses the basic researching tradition of the western cultural history before 19^th century. Through explaining and commenting the cultural works and ideology of Herodotus, Voltaire and Herder, who are the three famous western cultural historians before 19^th century, it indicates their studying in cultural history have the function of reference and utilization to the researching of the western cultural history in 19^th century.In third part, it mainly discusses the developmental course of the western cultural history in 19^th century. By analyzing the three basic stages of the developmental course of the western cultural history in 19^th century, it makes clear that the western cultural history in 19^th century have gone through a course in which it separated gradually from the political history.In fourth part, it mainly discusses the basic characteristic of the western cultural history in 19^th century. The author emphasizes it from three views, that is, studying subject, studying basic point and studying tropism, to show the unique scene of no focus, synthesis and globalization of the western cultural history in 19^th century, to embody the rich and varied of the interior of the western cultural history in 19^th century, and to discuss how its rich and varied being effected in some degrees the disseminating of the western cultural history from 19^th century to 20^th century.In fifth part five, it analyzes the studying condition of cultural history, put forward by Fancois Pierre Guillaume Guizot. Specifically, it mainly states the sources of his idea, his splendid analysis of the process of European civilization, his treatise about the relationship of freedom, law and civilization. And by these discusses, the author shows the historical view of process of European civilization and the historical epistemology of Guizot.In sixth part, it mainly discusses the studying condition of cultural history and the historical ideology put forward by Henry Thomas Buckle. Through observing his discussion about the progressive law of civilization, and his commentary on the relation between religion and civilization, it makes clear the significance of his emphasis on the progressive law of civilization and the social affect of his historiography.In seventh part, it mainly analyzes the cultural historical works and ideology, put forward by Jacob Burckhardt. Through observing the source of his interesting in cultural history, his deep recognition in historical culture and his studying interesting in "the discovery of man", it embodies his social historical view and his historiography.In eighth part, it discusses the studying condition of cultural history, put forward by Karl Lamprecht. Observing his meanings and actions, through which, he regards the cultural history as new historiography direction. And research his recognition in the relationship between the change of collective mentality and the progress of society, and his effect on historiography.The conclusion, by putting the western cultural history in 19^th century in the development of western historiography, discusses its status and influence in western historiography.更多还原