【作者】 李子顺；

【导师】 牛滨华；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 地球物理工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 针对油气勘探开发中地面地震分辨率低,用地震资料不能有效识别薄层地层、薄层储层等难题,本文开展了宽频带高分辨率地震勘探方法研究,主要包括地震波高频衰减规律、地震波高频衰减的物理机制、地震波高频衰减的恢复方法及宽频带高分辨率地震应用等研究内容。本论文通过对传统的地震波衰减规律、地震波衰减物理机制和目前高分辨率地震勘探方法的调研,结合双井微地震测量数据中观察到的现象,系统分析、深入研究,取得如下四点新进展。1、认识到松辽盆地地震勘探中的高频衰减主要产生在近地表低速层及近震源区。2、提出地震波传播的基本单元是纳米级的质点,地震波高频衰减的物理机制主要是孔隙骨架之间的弹性视衰减。3、研制出恢复地震波高频衰减提高地震分辨率的新方法,可以将大药量激发地表接收的地面地震延拓成小药量激发高速层接收的宽频带地震。4、认识到薄层储层的反射振幅有随频带宽度的变化而变化(AVF)的特征,薄层储层调谐厚度是频率的函数,频带窄调谐厚度大,频带宽调谐厚度小。宽频带高分辨率地震方法在松辽盆地应用后见到好效果。宽频带高分辨率地震剖面的分辨率比常规地震剖面提高2倍。也就是说松辽盆地中部含油组合的地面地震分辨能力由9—15m提高到3—5m。在宽频带高分辨率地震剖面上见到丰富的构造、沉积等地质现象。在肇源南、江37等三维地震工区解释出一批薄层岩性圈闭,为松辽盆地油气勘探部署及油田开发提供了依据。本论文研究成果在油气勘探开发中的构造学研究、沉积学研究、油气储层预测等方面有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recognition of thin inter-bed reservoirs using normal seismic data in the middle-shallow strata in the Songliao Basin is a great difficulty. In order to resolve this problem, we present an exploration method of broad frequency band and high resolution seismogram. It mainly include analysis of seismic wave attenuation rule, physical mechanism of seismic attenuation in a two-phase medium, seismic wave attenuation and recovering method, and application of broad frequency band and high resolution seismogram.In this paper, I present some research on high-frequency seismic attenuation and the exploration method of high resolution seismogram, and propose four points of views.1, After analyzing the near surface dual holes micro-seismogram survey data, it shows that the main reason of surface seismic data’s resolution is low is resulted from wave attenuation in near source area and near surface low velocity layers.2, I propose a new theory on wave propagation in a two-phase medium which is based on the concept that the basic unit for wave propagation is a nanomass, and propose that the physical mechanism results from the interference of elastic microscopic multiple scattering waves.3, A new deterministic deconvolution method, which improves the seismic resolution in a large scale, is proposed. Using MVSP from dual holes micro-seismogram survey deriving filter operator of near source area, ghost reflection and near surface low velocity layers, using the filter operator to do deconvolution to the surface seismic data and recover the mentioned several seismic wave decays.4, Based on forward modeling, we recognized that a thin bed seismic reflection is characterized by changing amplitude with changing frequency (amplitude versus frequency, AVF). Tuning thickness of thin bed reservoirs is a function of frequency. The narrower the frequency band, the larger the tuning thickness and, conversely, the broader the frequency band, the smaller the tuning thickness. Based on the AVF characteristics, we can identify the tuning amplitudes of thin bed reservoirs, confirm their tuning frequencies, calculate the bed thickness, and map the reservoir distribution.The technique has been applied in the 3D seismic area of Zhaoyuan in the northern part of the Songliao Basin. The seismic resolution is increased by two or three times over that of conventional seismic and many thin reservoirs have been identified.更多还原