【作者】 王世青；

【导师】 孟小红； 凌云； 王建民；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 岩性油气藏作为大庆油田未来增储上产的主要目标,已经受到地质及地球物理学家们的关注。扶余、杨大城子油层的河道砂体是大庆油田岩性油气藏的主要类型之一。由于河道砂体具有阻抗差异小、波组特征变化快的特点,因此要在地震资料处理中注重相对振幅保持和提高分辨率处理,从而使地震波振幅能定性反映河道砂体反射系数的变化。为此,本文对松辽盆地相对振幅保持处理的关键技术(静校正、能量补偿及反褶积)进行了深入研究。本文以各种静校正方法原理为基础,实现了综合建模静校正方法,建立了适合于松辽盆地岩性油气藏勘探的静校正处理方法。在常规大地吸收衰减分析的基础上,实现了一种时频定量分析方法和时频空间域球面发散和吸收衰减补偿方法;研究了一种激发能量定量分析方法以检验能量补偿效果;研究了一种激发子波定量分析方法以检验反褶积的效果。以上技术方法在松辽盆地岩性油气藏勘探中进行了实际应用,都取得了满意的效果。本论文的几个创新点如下:(1)实现了一种综合建模静校正方法,解决了松辽盆地岩性油气藏地表复杂区和不同年度区块连片处理中存在的静校正问题。实际应用取得了明显的效果;(2)针对球面发散与吸收衰减补偿方法只能补偿随时间增加导致的能量衰减,地表一致性振幅校正只能沿空间方向校正能量差异的问题,提出并实现了一种时频空间域球面发散和吸收衰减补偿方法,它可从时间、空间和频率域对地震波的衰减进行补偿,并在实际处理中见到了明显的效果;(3)为了解决地震资料处理中只能对地震资料的大地吸收衰减分析做定性分析的问题,提出了一种时频定量分析方法,可对大地吸收衰减进行定量分析;为检验叠前相对振幅保持能量补偿的效果,提出并实现了一种激发能量定量分析方法;为检验叠前相对振幅保持反褶积的效果,提出了一种激发子波定量分析方法,使验证大地吸收衰减分析、能量补偿及反褶积效果的方式由定性分析方式向定量分析方式转变。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because Lithological reservoirs will become main exploration area increasing oil reserves and stabilizing oil production in Daqing oil field,geologist and geophysicist pay more attention on lithological reservoirs. River channel sand body in Fuyu ,Yangdachengzi oil layer is the main kind of lithological reservoirs in Daqing oil field.Because the wave impedance difference is small,the wave group characteristic changes quickly in river channel sand body, we must pay more attention on relative amplitude preservation and enhancing resolution processing in order to make use of the seismic wave amplitude to analyse the change of reflection factor of river channel sand body qualitatively, This article has conducted the deep research on relative amplitude preservation processing key techniques (static correction, energy compensation and deconvolution) of lithological reservoirs in Songliao Basin.The paper has presented one method of integrated modeling static correction based on every static correction method and established the static correction method which is suitable for lithological reservoirs exploration in Songliao Basin; In the light of analysis of traditional earth absorption attenuation, one method which is time-frequency quantitative analysis,and one method of spherical divergence and absorption attenuation compensation in time-frequency space field were presented;In order to examine the effectiveness of energy compensation, one method about excited energy quantitative analysis was realized; In order to examine deconvolution’s effect, one method on excited wavelet quantitative analysis was realized.These methods have been applied to the lithological reservoirs exploration in Songliao Basin. The result is very good. The paper brings out several innovative points in the following areas:(1)Integrated modeling static correction method has solved static correction problem with complex surface area and different exploration project joined processing in Songliao Basin. The application is satisfied for lithological reservoirs exploration in Songliao Basin.(2)In order to solve the problem of which the method of spherical divergence and absorption attenuation compensation only compensates energy in time field,and of which the method of surface-consistent amplitude correction only correct energy difference in space field. In the paper,a method of spherical divergence and absorption attenuation compensation in time-frequency space field was presented. The application is satisfied for seismic data processing.(3)In order to solve the problem with qualitative analysis of earth absorption attenuation in seismic data processing,a method of time-frequency quantitative analysis was presented,It could analyse earth absorption attenuation quantitatively. In order to examine the effectiveness of energy compensation processing in pre-stack relative amplitude preservation processing, an excited energy quantitative analysis method was realized; In order to examine deconvolution’s effectiveness in pre-stack relative amplitude preservation processing,an excited wavelet quantitative analysis method was realized.The way of analysis of earth absorption attenuation, examining energy compensation processing and examining deconvolution processing is transformed from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis.更多还原