【作者】 马鹏；

【导师】 李京生；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 城市规划， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 大城市近郊社区是城乡体制混合的微观社会组织单元,人口构成复杂,空间形态多样。而城市规划长期以来并未考虑到近郊社区发展的特殊性。目前近郊传统社区衰退、新社区建设矛盾集中等问题表明,研究规划与社区发展的关系,并从社区发展的角度对规划行为进行反思是具有重要意义的课题。因此本文以嘉定为例,分析近郊城市规划对社区空间发展的影响及其存在的问题,从而提出相应的改进设想。近郊规划和社区建设中涉及到市级政府、区县政府、基层政府、企业、村居委、当地居民和外来人口等众多利益群体,规划也是由特定群体主导的从决策到实施的连续过程。因此研究着眼于不同时期的各类规划,将规划与空间发展状态进行比较,描述规划对社区空间的实际影响。同时从规划组织、编制、实施三个行为过程着手,分析各过程的主导者及其行为方式,以此解释影响的成因机制。根据嘉定城市规划和社区发展相关政策、管理体制等方面的变化,将1950年代、1980年代和2000年后三个时期作为研究对象。认为1950年代市级政府在规划中居主导地位,以卫星城建设为目的,规划影响表现在对个别社区空间界域的占用。1980年代以基层政府主导的乡镇规划为主,以满足地方经济发展为目的,在行政界域内以规划布局为基础进行社区空间单元划分和建设。2000年后市级政府重新成为嘉定重大规划的推动者,以工业开发和新城建设为目的,在全区推动社区空间的集中化。由于上级政府和企业主导了规划组织、编制、实施的全过程,致使规划难以真正反映社区和居民的需求,破坏了社区发展的自主性,损害了社区的公共利益及其服务功能。研究认为,从规划与社区空间互动的历史经验可以看出,地方化的规划行为是其符合近郊社区发展实际,并得以有效实施的前提。由此提出在市政府约束下的,以规定近郊利益群体在不同类型规划全过程中的参与方式、修订近郊规划技术规范、拓展规划师工作内容地方化为主的近郊规划行为改进思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The metropolitan outskirt communities are micro social units in mixture of urban and suburban system, which are complicated in popularity composition and various in space form. However, the urban planners never considered the specialties of outskirt community development in long term. Currently, deterioration of outskirt traditional neighborhood and contradiction in new community construction, both indicate that researching the relationship between planning and neighborhood development and thinking back into planning on the position of neighborhood development are subjects of crucial meaning. Therefore, this paper takes Jiading as an example, analyzing outskirts planning’s effect on community space development and problems existed, to present the corresponding revised idea.Outskirt planning and community construction are related to various groups of various interests, such as municipal government, district government, root government, enterprises, inhabitants committee and outlanders. And planning is a continuous process from decision to implementation guided by specific groups. Hence, our research is based on the variety of planning in different times, comparing planning with space development status, concluding the real effects from planning to neighborhood space. Starting with planning organizing, composing and applying, analyze the main guide and his behavior in those three processes, to explain how those effects come into being. According to the change of related policies and managing system in Jiading’s plan and community development, we take 1950’s, 1980’s and post-2000 as our research objects. In our opinion, in 1950’s, municipal government is the main guide in planning, aiming at satellite city construction. Effects are occupation of certain neighborhood space domain. In 1980’s, mainly are town planning guided by root government, aiming at satisfaction of local economic development, to do the division and construction of community space units on the basis of planning in the administration domain. After year 2000, municipal government became the propeller in Jiading’s big planning again, aiming at industrial development and new city construction, to drive the concentration of community space in scope of whole district. Because it’s government and enterprises that guide the whole process of planning organizing, composing and applying, it’s conducive to the fact that planning cannot really meet community and inhabitant’s demands, but destruct the independence of community development, and damage public profits of neighborhood and its function as service.From historic experience of planning and community spaces’ interaction, we believe, localized planning is in accordance to the reality of outskirt community development and can be the precondition of effective implementation. So we give our suggestion, to let various outskirt groups of interest participate the whole process of various kinds of planning confined by municipal government confined by municipal government; to revise outskirt planning technical regulations; to expand planner’s working scope and to do the outskirt planning mainly on localization.更多还原