元音的实验和计算研究

【作者】 孙锐欣；

【导师】 游汝杰；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 语音是言语交际的物质载体,人类很早就开始研究语音了,拼音文字的创制就是人类早期语音研究的成果。近年来,随着语言学研究逐步科学化,共时的语音研究成为最接近理工科的语言学分支,一方面,对现实的语音研究不但需要仪器设备的支撑,而且需要语言学、生理学、物理学、心理学、社会学以及数学等学科的知识,另一方面,语音研究的成果除了可以应用于语言研究,还广泛应用到教学、医疗、人工智能等领域。本文以元音为研究对象,在语音系统观的基础上,探讨了元音在心理层面的感知模式的计算问题,从实践上解决了元音共振峰的个体差异问题,为元音方面的语音调查、语音演变等研究奠定了基础。本文在第一章做了语音学领域的元音研究综述,这部分内容整理了元音的发音语音学研究、声学语音学研究、听觉语音学研究以及实验研究的有关内容,针对前人的概念提出了自己的理解。本文在第二章成功构建了语音系统,认为语音系统是一个三层的结构,语音系统的底层是物质性的语音,语音系统的中间层是心理性的语音,语音系统的上层是社会性的语音。语音系统的中枢环节是心理层,在这一层上实现了将物理参数差别很大的物质语音单位(音子)转化为没有差别的心理语音单位(音素)。本文在第三章重点讨论了元音系统的实验和计算研究的方法问题。提出了多发音人元音共振峰数据的标准化解决方案。标准化算法的语言学基础是本文前面构建的元音系统,标准化算法的数学基础是矩阵理论,算法原理采用K-L变换。这部分不但提供了计算的过程,还讨论了算法的优点和应用实例。本文在第四章以上海方言的元音为研究对象,利用本文提出的标准化算法,研究了上海方言的元音新派跟老派的差异,通过对20岁组和60岁组发音人元音第一共振峰和第二共振峰的比较研究发现在172个考察项中有16个考察项发生了改变,并进一步得出上海方言元音每一年的变化率为0.23%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Speech sound is the physical media of oral communication. It was studied early. And the important ancient production was the creation of letter. Nowadays the present study of speech sound has become a branch of linguistics which is similar to science. Not only instruments are used in studying speech sound but also the knowledge of linguistics, physiology, physics, psychology and sociology is needed. On the other hand, the productions of studying speech sound are applied in studying linguistics, teaching languages, hearing therapy, artificial intelligence. This paper focuses on vowel. The calculating method is studied, which is of perceptive pattern on psychological level based on the speech sound system theory. And the problem of individual differences of vowel formants among different persons is solved, which will help the investigation of languages, the sound change of languages and so on.In Chapter One, the study of vowels in the phonetic domain is summarized, including the study of physiological phonetics, the study of acoustic phonetics, the study of perceptive phonetics. And many concepts are discussed for new understanding.In Chapter Two, the speech sound system is theorized. There are three levels in it, which are physical level containing physical sound, psychological level containing psychological sound, sociological level containing sociological sound. The psychological level is the hinge, where the physical sound is transformed to psychological sound, thus the individual difference is removed.In Chapter Three, the experimental method and calculating method are discussed. A formants normalizing calculating method is put forward. The method is based on the vowel sound system and matrix theory. The concrete arithmetic comes from K-L Transform Theory. The detailed arithmetic method and examples are provided. And the merits are discussed.In Chapter Four, the vowels in Shanghai dialect are studied using the normalizing method to calculate formant frequency. The data from twenty-aged group and sixty-aged group are compared. There are 16 items changed from 172 items. The annual variability is 0.23%.更多还原