【作者】 李展；

【导师】 郜元宝；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 “孙犁抗日小说”是本论文的研究对象,它基本指涉孙犁前期的小说创作,截至1956年《铁木前传》为止,稍微延伸到《风云初记》的六十年代出版情况。这是因为其主要的文学创作基本与抗日有关,而小说产生的影响最大的缘故。本论文力求突破以往的封闭式研究,将孙犁文学纳入一种充满变数的历史空间之中,展开一种全新的研究视野。论文主要分为序论和三章的整体结构:序论部分详细阐明了论文的研究对象、孙犁文学的研究现状及其问题,以及本论文所要达到的目标和研究的方法问题,是对以往研究的分析性总结,指出了我们的研究策略。然后主体分三章进行研究。第一部分主要研究孙犁文学的创作心路历程。第一、二节涉及孙犁文学的创作起源、文学风格形成的心理基础,包括感性审美和理性的平衡。通过对“冀中一日”运动的考察,论文提出了一种观点:孙犁文学的诞生具有审美和革命的功利性二重特征,而我们现在则往往被第一种特点掩盖了第二特点。第三节接继第一节所论述,探讨了孙犁文学所具有的古典文学情趣和现代浪漫文学经验,是生成孙犁抗战文学风格的根本原因。文章进一步论述了孙犁文学与魏晋文学有某些神韵上的相似,但又因为缺少了存在论的道境,又发生了某些差异。这是一种从生活史和心灵史探源的研究。第四节主要涉及在革命征途中,作为文学家的孙犁所具有的生存困惑,这涉及孙犁文学更为表层的意识状态。而他将这种生存困惑用文学的方式进行表述出来以后,就成为一种伦理叙事形态。孙犁作为革命作家当然与意识形态叙事有关,但更重要的是作为一种生命生存叙事。事实上,在孙犁的生命历程中,革命确实是一个极端重要的事件,然而孙犁的革命起点固然与民族家国有关,但是,孙犁的“革命”比这个宏大叙事早得多,这个革命就是所谓的像孙犁小说中的有些人物一样,首先爆发在婚姻之内,是一种婚姻革命。只是婚姻革命的结果即所谓“出走”京师的失败,使他尝试到了一个下层社会具有自尊的知识分子,其社会身份在整个生活世界的失败,而抗战的出现恰好在一定的程度上弥合了婚姻革命和身份革命的双重愿望,然而也正是这点,使他陷入了更加深刻的社会现实和生命本身的矛盾之中。因此,在这个意义上孙犁的文学创作的确具有一种苦闷的发散与象征。最后一直到孙犁疾病的爆发,就是这种种矛盾无法承受的表现。第二部分,主要考察孙犁文学的一个重要文学现象,即突出的女性形象问题。不管孙犁是否有意,我们通过对于他的女性人物的解读,深刻地发现了孙犁文学中女性形象在现代民族国家建构过程中的仓皇失措,一种与时代密切关联的悲剧性命运。文章主要通过几个人物完成这一历史语境的解读,她们是《走出之后》的王振中,《荷花淀》的水生嫂,《钟》的慧秀,《村歌》的双眉,《看护》的刘兰、《风云初记》的李佩钟和《铁木前传》的小满,我们通过这七个女性的形象解读,完成了这一历史发现。这里运用的方法主要是女性主义的研究方法,放在了具体的历史语境之中进行解读,成为一种文学研究和文化研究的结合试验。这一部分的目的不是为了研究单纯的某个女性形象,而是通过这系列女性形象,来揭示现代中国历史深层变动中那些被主流意识形态话语遮蔽的人的真正的生存状态。特别是对于李佩钟与小满的解读,作者认为可以将孙犁本人的女性理想和对于女性命运的真正关怀,联系起来,这与第一部分形成重要的相互参照的对读。第三部分,研究孙犁文学的另一重要文学现象:卓越的风景描写。文章第一次大规模地找出了孙犁文学风景的精彩段落,这些精彩段落非常传神地完成了抗战时期北国乡村世界的真实写照,并由此进一步解释了这些文学风景的描写特征与创作主体的复杂关系。孙犁作为革命队伍中的一员,革命集体意志在文学风景中潜在地起到了支配作用,并进一步从现代文学史的历程中,揭示出孙犁文学的这种他人无法达到的文学特质。而这种特质与他将抗战根据地作为“家园”的潜在意识联系在一起,并将《风云初记》第三部作为一个经典文本解读,深刻地揭示出孙犁从荷淀清风般的透明到风云景观的深沉复杂的巨大变化,显现了这十年革命历程对于作家的深刻影响。本论文的写作将孙犁的文学创作放在了整个现代文学的历史中进行考察,同时将孙犁的生平经历、人生的偶然性与历史的脚步碰撞,在做到知人论世的同时,显示出一种对于历史结构性把握的企图。因此,孙犁抗日小说研究实际是将孙犁作为一个特例,来研究进入现代以来的中国普通人的命运问题;论文借鉴了西方文论的研究方法和传统的知人论世法,其成功与否期待专家指正。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper is mainly to study Sun Li’s anti-Japanese novels,most created during the writer’s first literary period ending with the birth of Tiemu Qianzhuano My research will also examine the publication of Fengyun Chuji in the 1960s.This is because the anti-Japanese theme is involved in most Sun’s writings and among them his fictions has the most influence.The paper will attempt to break previous excluding studies,and create a wholly new study field by bringing Sun Li’s literature into the history full of variations. The paper here mainly includes the preface and there passages:The preface will illustrate my research subject,the present study on Sun Li’s literature,and the goals and methods of my paper.This part will bring our study strategies based on an analytical summery of the previous.Then the main body of my study is divided into three passages:The first part mainly concerns Sun Li’s literary road.The first and second sections involve the origins of Sun’s literature,the psychological basis of his literary style, including the balance between perceptual taste and reason.By examining the movement of One Day in Yi-zhong,the paper argues that the birth of Sun Li’s literature results not only from a kind of taste but from the utilitarian nature of revolutions.On the present,we always pay too much attention to the first feather and neglect the second.The third section will continue the job of the first,and discuss Sun’s classical literary interest and modem literary experience,which both explains the creation of Sun’s anti-Japanese literature. Then the article further argues that Sun’s literature shares similar verve with the literature in the Wei and Jin dynasty,though it varies for lack of the ontological realm of Tao.My work in this part is to study the history of people’s life and souls.The fourth section mainly concerns Sun Li’s confusions towards the existence of a human being,when he,as a writer,experienced the life during the revolution.These confusions firstly exist as the superficial ideology of Sun Li’s literature,but later become transformed to an ethical narrative form after Sun presents them in his literature.Of course, Sun Li,as a revolutionary writer,bears close relations with the ideological narrative model. But more importantly,his writings are narrations of all kinds of patterns of people’s life.In fact,Sun Li has formed his political concept after he wrote Fengyun Chuji in the 1950s. The revolution indeed plays an important role in Sun Li’s life,and so his revolutionary start is undoubtedly associated with the national country.However,Sun Li’s revolution begins much earlier than the grand narration.This revolution,like what some figures of Sun’s fictions have experienced,firstly takes place in the field of marriage.So above all,it is a marital revolution.But the result of the maritalrevolution,specifically the failure of fleeing from the capital city,makes him experience the failure of a self-respected intellectual from the social bottom when he begins to enter into the social world.But the outburst of the war on some extend satisfies the double wishes of revolution both of marriage and of identity.But at the same time,it makes him fallen into a much deeper contradiction between the social reality and the life itself.Therefore,in this sense,Sun Li’s literary creation symbolizes depression.And at last his disease can be viewed as a sign of his unbearable contradiction.The second part will mainly discuss female images,which is one significant phenomenon in Sun Li’s literature.By the analysis of Sun’s female figures,no matter whether he agrees,we find from these roles similar confusions when they become involved in the process of the modem country’s construction,and similar tragic fate closely associated with the time.The article will study the historical context mainly through several figures,such as Wang Zhenzhong in Zouchu Zhihou,Shuisheng Sao in Hehua Dian,Huixiu in Zhong, Shuangmei in Cun Ge,Liulan in Kan Hu,Li Peizhong in Fengyun Chuji and Xiao Man in Tiemu Qianzhuan.We will base our historical findings on the analysis of the seven female figures.Here I will examine these figures under detailed historical context with the feministic method.So it is a trial to unite the literary research with the cultural research.In this part,I do not aim to study a certain female image,but introduce light to the true resistance of those people who are concealed in modem China’s historical change by the ideological voice.Especially by the understanding of the two figures Li Peizhong and Xiao Man,I believe that Sun Li’s ideal of female can be combined with his true concerns towards the female movement.So this part can be read in contrast with the first one.The third part is focused on the other important phenomenon in Sun Li’s literature ------ his outstanding scenery description.It is the first time the article,on a large scale, cites the sparkling descriptive passages of natural scenes,which vividly present a true portrayal of the north rural area in the war.Moreover,the paper explains the feature of these descriptions and its complex correlations with the creative subject.Since Sun Li himself is one of the revolutionary army,his scenery descriptions are dominated by the revolutionary collective will.The article further clarifies the excluded quality of Sun Li’s wrings in modem Chinese literature.I will combine this peculiarity with his unconsciousness of taking the base area as home,and read the third section of Fengyun Chuji as a classic text.Finally,by describing the great change of Sun Li’s literature from the transparence like the wind of the locos lake to the complexity of the historical landscape,I will illustrate the deep influence of the revolutionary experience upon the writer.The paper will examine Sun Li’s creations under the historical background of modem Chinese literature,and at the same time integrate the writer’s life experience with the historical footsteps.I will give certain understandings not only of the writer and his living world,but also of the history as a whole.So in fact,by the example of Sun Li’s literature, my study is trying to perceive the fate of the common people living in modem China.The paper draws on both western literary theories and traditional ways of evaluation.As to its achievement or shortcomings,I will appreciate views of every expert.更多还原