阶层文化的冲突与整合

【作者】 刘军；

【导师】 邱柏生；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 在我国社会结构发生深刻变化的情况下,分析社会阶层结构与阶层关系的传统方法,已经不能完全适应这种变化。理论界曾引进和运用一些新的分析方法。其中,最常见的方法有两种:一种是利益群体分析法,另一种是阶层分析法。然而,在过去很长的一段时间里,从文化层面来考察阶层关系问题并未引起人们足够的重视。因此,从文化层面出发,为考察阶层关系提供了一个全新的视角,也即阶层文化分析也是一种重要的分析工具,应该引起我们足够的重视。从社会学的角度看,阶层文化是指人们用来展示和确定自己社会身份的各种“符号”,包括物质产品、精神产品、阶层意识、价值观念、行为方式等,是由生产方式所决定的阶层在取得经济政治等合法利益方面所产生的阶层意识、阶层价值观和阶层行为等的综合体现。阶层文化的基本特征有类别性、区隔性、冲突性、品位性、流动性和稳定性。阶层文化的主要功能是分层功能、社会导向功能、社会化功能、区隔功能、再生产阶层关系功能和法律秩序成长功能。阶层文化作用于社会分层的主要机制为生产机制、消费机制、媒体机制和传承机制。不同阶层具有不同的阶层文化。当前各阶层之间的冲突越来越集中并体现于阶层文化之间的冲突,阶层文化间的和谐已经成为构建社会主义和谐社会的重要条件。阶层文化冲突既体现在阶层文化的主观意义、拟剧意义、制度意义和结构意义等四个不同层面上;也体现在社会上层、中间阶层、工人阶层和农业劳动者阶层等阶层之间;还体现在阶层分化及分层结构的城乡二元化、贫富悬殊化所引发的阶层文化冲突上。阶层文化冲突的主要原因有社会转型、结构缺陷、利益差异、制度失范和组织缺失等。阶层文化冲突使得社会整合成为社会各阶层之必需。阶层文化整合的目标是为了实现和谐、顺畅的阶层关系秩序。整合阶层文化需要正确认识阶层文化冲突的性质;需要借鉴西方发达国家的有益经验;需要遵循合作原则、共享原则、协调原则和公正原则。阶层文化整合的路径主要有利益整合、价值整合、制度整合、结构整合和组织整合等。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the circumstances of the greatly changes of our social structure, the traditional analysis methods of social stratum structure and stratum relations can’ t adapt to these changes wholly. Academic circles once introduced and used several new analysis methods. Among them are two common methods which are the analysis method of interest communities and the analysis method of stratum.Yet, people haven’ t paid enough attention to stratum relations from culture angle for a long time in the past. It provides us a complete angle to study stratum relations from culture angle.From sociology point of view, the stratum culture means different symbols through which people reveal and determine their status. The symbols consist of material products and spiritual products and stratum consciousness and value concepts and behavior modes so on. The stratum culture is the multiple embodiments of stratum consciousness and value concepts and behavior modes so on, which come from the economic and political legal benefits that stratums strive to get.The characters of the stratum culture include the nature of classification and the nature of distinction and the nature of conflict and the nature of taste and the nature of circulation and the nature of stability. The main functions of the stratum culture comprise social stratification, social orientation, socialization, distinction, reproduction of stratum relations and the development of legal system, etc. The stratification mechanisms of the stratum culture are production mechanism and consumption mechanism and media mechanism and inheritance mechanism.Different stratum has different stratum culture. The conflicts of stratums centralize and embody in the conflicts of stratum culture presently; the harmony of the stratum cultures is an important factor in constructing socialist harmony society. The conflicts of stratum cultures not only embody in subjective aspect, structural aspect, dramaturgic aspect and institutional aspect; but also embody in the upper stratum and the middle stratum and the working stratum and the farmer stratum. The conflicts of stratum cultures also embody in the division of social stratum and the dualistic stratum structure between the urban and rural areas and the poverty polarization between the rich stratum and the poor stratum. The main reasons for the conflicts of the stratum culture consist of social transformation, the defect of the stratum structure, the diversity of stratum benefits, the imperfect of institutions and lack of agent, etc.The conflicts of the stratum culture make it necessary to integrate the stratum cultures. The integration objective of stratum cultures is to construct harmony stratum relation system. To integrate stratum cultures, we should understand correctly the nature of the conflicts of the stratum culture, and draw lessons from western developed countries, and abide by the principles of cooperation, sharing, coordination, and justice. The main means to integrate stratum cultures comprise benefit integration, value integration, institution integration, structure integration and agent integration, etc更多还原