海德格尔诗化语言观研究

【作者】 任华东；

【导师】 朱立元；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 文艺学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本论文的基本观点是,海德格尔的存在论语言观乃是一种“诗化语言观”。围绕这个基本观点,论文分别从三个方面做了探讨,即海德格尔语言思想概论、作为“诗化语言观”的海德格尔语言思想、二十世纪西方诗化语言观传统视域中的海德格尔诗化语言思想。三个方面组成了本论文的上中下三编,共八章的内容。下面我们分别概括一下每一编的基本观点和内容:上编由两章组成,通过对海德格尔前后期语言思想的简要梳理,我们认为海德格尔语言思想的基本观点是,语言既非附属于“逻辑”的工具,也非仅仅作为人表达“主体”的手段,它既是存在的自然涌现,也是人的基本在世方式。人生在世即是生存在语言中,即是生存在世界中。存在、人、语言构成了本源一体性关系。这决定了语言总是与人的生存情境以及自身的现身情绪,看、听等自然动作浑融在一起,并因此具有极强的“境域展示性”、“体验性”、“动作性”等诗化特征。语言成为自身即是成为这样的诗化语言,而非成为仅仅作为静止的、封闭的、单纯指称的“符号系统”。正是在上述意义上我们认为,海氏的存在论语言观就其核心观点来说乃是一种“诗化语言观”。中编是本论文重心所在,共分为四章,主要探讨海德格尔诗化语言思想的基本内容和特征。在本编一开始,我们便将诗化语言观界定为一种将诗性(审美性)作为语言根本特性的语言思想,并认为从诗化语言观的角度把握海德格尔的语言思想,包含了相互关联的三个层次四个方面的内容:从本质论上看,语言作为“诗意世界(天、地、神、人四重整体世界)”显现的场所,注定是诗化的;从认识论上说,作为语言在世形态的“言谈(Rede)”与“道说(Sage)”,无论从其与“因缘整体”、“闲谈”、“时间”的关系,还是从其本身“既澄明又遮蔽”的“二重化”运作方式来说,都带有浓重的诗化意味,它是对传统逻辑语言观的解构和一种诗化语言观的建构;从方法论上看,要想进入语言的诗化本性,将诗意世界显现出来,人首先必须学会“诗意栖居”,以一种诗性精神和态度生存于世;其次,诗歌是语言诗化本性、诗性精神最好的展示场所,人应当学会在诗歌中触摸语言的诗性。下编由两章组成,在本编中我们将海德格尔的诗化语言思想放在二十世纪西方诗化语言观传统的大背景中给与探讨,并在比较中指出了海德格尔诗化语言观所具有的独特性和重要的历史地位,这主要表现在四个方面:他的诗化语言学说是一种“新词物对应论”,并在西方诗化语言观传统中具有某种承上启下的地位;具有鲜明的反主体论诗化语言倾向;明显的批判性倾向;浓郁的乌托邦气质。综合四点我们认为,海德格尔诗化语言思想归根结底用他自己的话说便是,“问题根本不在于提出一个新的语言观。关键在于学会在语言之中栖居。为此需要一种持久的考验,看看我们是否以及在何种程度上能够做本真的应和”。总结海德格尔的诗化语言思想,在我们看来,海德格尔对语言诗化本性的关注在一定意义上只是“言在此”而“意在彼”。所谓学会倾听“语言之说”,并非是要掌握一门语言技艺或技巧,“诗意的栖居”也并不意味着此在必须整日与诗歌为邻,毋宁说海氏启发我们转变一种生存态度,用一种超越于己、超越于人类的“诗性生存”面对人类主体性过渡膨胀的现代技术世界。作为海德格尔诗化语言观对语言本性的概括,“道说(Sage)”既是大道“Ereigns”的自行运作,也是生存在世的“此在”在自我超越后达到的一种诗化精神境界与诗化生存方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The basic view of this thesis is that the Heidegger’s ontology view of language is a kind of "Poetic view of language".Regarding this basic concept,the thesis discusses separately from three aspects,namely Heide -gger’s language thought introduction,Heidegger’s language thought as "the poetic view of language",the Heidegger’s poetic view of language in the western poetic language tradition in the 20th century.Three aspect -s compose the present thesis altogether eight chapters.We summarize the basic content of three aspects separately:In first part,by summarizing the Heidegger’s language thought of the pre and the post,we consider Heidegger’s basic viewpoints about language is that language is natural emergence of "Sein",is a basic way of human living,That is,living life to survive in the language,that is,to survive in the world.Sein,human,language originly constitute one body. So,the language is always interrelated with human suviving situation,with their own emotional existing,with the natural behavior such as "looking and listening" etc.Thus,language is taking on a king of poetic character such as "condition dispaying","experiencing style","acting feature" etc.It is in this sense,we believe that the Heidegger’s language view of ontology is a kind of poetic view of language.As the focus of this thesis,the second part is divided into four chapters.We consider the Heidegger’s poetic view of language includes three interrelated levels,and four aspects:on the nature view of language, as a place showing "poetic world(Heaven,Earth,God,people-as a integrated World)",language is doomed to poetic;epistemologically speaking,as a form of the language mode of operation,"Rede" and "Sage" smack of a kind of poetic imply,which is deconstructing for logical language of the traditional concept and constructing to poetic view of language;methodology perspective,in order to touch the poetic nature of language,human must first learn to "poetic dwelling" with a poetic spirit and attitude in the world and secondly,because poetry is the best place displaying poetic nature of language,human should learn to touch poetic nature of language in poetry. In the last part,we place the Heidegger’s poetic view of language in the background of western poetic language view tradition in the 20th century.We pointed out that the unique and important historical status of Heidegger’s poetic view of language mainly manifested in the following four aspects:Heidegger’s language view is "new corresponding theory of words and things";distinct anti-subjection of poetic language;the obvious critical tendency;rich Utopia temperament.We consider that the genuine intention of Heidegger’s poetic view of language,according to Heidegger’s words is "the fundamental problem is not to propose a new concept of the language.Key lies in learning to dwell in the language".Heidegger’s poetic view of language inspires us with a kind of poetic survival attitude to oppose the expansion of human in the modern technological world.更多还原