台湾威权体制下的知识分子

【作者】 余凯；

【导师】 郭定平；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 政治学理论， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 台湾政治转型是多种因素综合作用的结果。从宏观上看,市场经济的发展、市民社会的兴起、多元文化的形成都是台湾政治转型的客观条件;从微观上看,台湾政治转型是威权当局与要求民主的反对派之间长期斗争与妥协的结果。在微观研究中,知识分子的作用虽然受到研究者的注意,但缺乏系统的研究著作。本文则试图以雷震为个案,探讨知识分子在台湾威权体制下扮演的角色,及其对台湾政治转型的贡献。除导论和结语外,本文由四章构成。在对雷震做个案研究之前,第一章考察了中国知识分子的政治传统和台湾威权体制的结构。中国知识分子是一个具有深厚的政治传统的社会群体,他们关心社会现实和公共事务,并对现实政治持批判的态度。这样的政治传统,加上西方自由民主思想的影响,使他们与对社会进行严密控制的威权体制之间存在着内在的冲突。第二章和第三章是对雷震的个案研究,这是本文的主体部分。雷震是台湾知识分子的杰出代表,他主持的《自由中国》杂志,坚持不懈地对台湾威权体制展开批判;而为了实现自己的民主理想,他还参与并领导了台湾威权体制下的第一场民主运动——“中国民主党”组党运动。第二章和第三章详细考察了雷震迁台后的政治思想与政治活动,及其与台湾威权体制的冲突,从而揭示出雷震在台湾威权体制下扮演的角色。为弥补个案研究的不足,本文第四章选取胡适、殷海光、吴国桢与雷震进行比较研究。通过比较研究,本文发现,台湾威权体制下知识分子扮演着不同的角色:殷海光与雷震一样,是“体制外”的反对派;吴国桢是“体制内”的谏议者;胡适则扮演着介于“体制内”与“体制外”之间的“诤友”角色。在对知识分子的角色进行分析的过程中,本文发现,知识分子在两个方面推动了台湾的政治转型。第一,知识分子坚持不懈地对台湾威权体制进行批判,将自由民主的观念传播到全社会,对台湾民众起到了很好的启蒙作用,有利于民主政治文化的形成。这是台湾政治转型的重要前提之一。第二,知识分子传播的民主观念,促进了民主运动的发展,推动了民主力量的成长;而知识分子参与民主运动,更是直接构成了民主力量的一部分。民主力量的不断壮大对威权体制构成了直接威胁,迫使台湾当局不得不采取“政治革新”的政策,从而推动了台湾的政治转型。在个案研究和比较研究的基础上,本文认为:知识分子是威权体制的重要制衡力量;知识分子是威权体制保持社会稳定或实现“和平转型”的关键因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 The combined effects of a variety of factors result in Taiwan’s political transition. From a macro perspective, the development of market economy, the rise of civil society and the formation of cultural diversity can be counted as the conditions of Taiwan’s political transition. From a micro perspective, Taiwan’s political transition can be seen as the result of the long-term struggle and compromise between the authorities and the opposition who eagerly demand democracy. Although the role of intellectuals has attracted the attention of many researchers in their micro studies, there is a lack of systematic research works. Taking the Lei Chen case as an example, this paper tries to find out the role of intellectuals in the Taiwan authoritarian regime and their contribution to Taiwan’s political transition.This paper consists of introduction, conclusion and four chapters. Before the case study, chapter one focuses on the political traditions of Chinese intellectuals and the structure of Taiwan’s authoritarian regime. The Chinese intellectual is a social group with deep political tradition, that they care about the social realities and public affairs, and take a critical attitude to the real politics. This kind of political tradition, combined with the influence of the western freedom and democracy thoughts leads to an internal conflict between them and the authoritarian regime which carry out a tight control to the society.Chapter two and three are the main part of this paper focusing on the case study of Lei Chen. Lei Chen is an outstanding representative of Taiwan intellectuals, the magazine "Free China" which he is in charged of unremittingly criticizes Taiwan’s authoritarian regime, and he also participates in and leads the first democracy movement under Taiwan’s authoritarian regime- the formation of "Chinese Democratic Party". Through detailed study of Lei Chen’s political thoughts and political activities after he goes to Taiwan and the conflict between him and the authoritarian regime, this paper reveals the role of Lei Chen in Taiwan’s authoritarian regime.To make up for the insufficiency of case study, chapter four uses a comparative method to analyze Hu Shih, Yin Hai-Kuang, Wu Kuo-Cheng and Lei Chen. This paper finds that intellectuals play different roles in Taiwan’s authoritarian regime: Yin Hai-Kuang plays the "external system" opponent role like Lei Chen; Wu Kuo-Cheng plays an "internal system" adviser; unlike the others, Hu Shih’s role is between the "external system" and the "internal system", more like a friend who gives forthright admonition to the politicians.Based on the analysis of the intellectuals, this paper finds that the intellectuals have promoted Taiwan’s political transition in two aspects. Firstly, the intellectuals wage a long war on Taiwan’s authoritarian regime, they spread the concept of freedom and democracy to the mass, this can be viewed as enlightenment to Taiwan people, and by doing that they help the formation of a democratic political culture. This is an important prerequisite of the Taiwan political transition. Secondly, the democratic value spread by intellectuals promotes the development of the democratic movement and the growth of democratic forces; further, by participating in the democratic movements, intellectuals form a part in the democratic forces. The growing of the democratic forces poses a direct threat to the authoritarian regime; they force the Taiwan authorities to take the "political reform", thus promote Taiwan’s political transition.On the basis of case study and comparative study, this paper draws the conclusion that the intellectual is an important force what operates the function of check and balance to the authoritarian regime; and intellectual is the key factor what makes the authoritarian regime keep stabilization or peaceably achieves political transition.更多还原