【作者】 兰佳睿；

【导师】 戴耀晶；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本文主要从四个维度探究心理动词的量性特征,即:量的性质、量的有无、量的大小、量的变化。每个维度上都以实际的语料调查为基础,进行形式与语义两个方面的分析。经过考察,本文认为心理动词的量性特征可以归纳为两个大的方面,即边缘性与主观性。全文共分九章,前三章为研究背景与理论准备,第四到八章为具体考察,第九章为结语。第一章:绪论。梳理相关文献中的研究成果并提出本文的研究构想。将相关研究成果归纳为程度量与时间量两个方面,指出关于心理动词的量性特征的研究尚未构成系统。然后阐明本文的研究方法、研究价值、结构安排与语料来源。第二章:现代汉语心理动词的性质、范围与类别。对心理动词的句法语义特征及其分类情况进行梳理。以三项语义特征为依据对心理动词的范围进行界定,即:[+心理],[—必须有外显动作],[+主体为人或拟人化的事物]。分别以构词方式和语义为依据对心理动词进行下位分类。第三章:量性特征的认知维度。阐明本文的理论基础及相关概念和考察维度。本文的理论基础为现代汉语量范畴理论,涉及量、质、度、物量、程度量等概念。考察维度有四个,即量的性质、量的有无、量的大小、量的变化。第四章:心理动词的量的性质。探究心理动词的量的性质,分别从心理动词与容载量词的共现情况、与程度词的共现情况、与动量词的共现情况考察心理动词的物量性、程度量性、动量性。对“种+心理动词”结构进行了分析;对包含程度标示语素的心理动词能否接受程度词的修饰进行了探讨,认为程度词的使用在现代汉语中有扩大化的趋势,而语素的程度标示作用则有弱化的趋势。第五章:量的有无——否定与心理动词的量。考察心理动词与否定副词“不”和“没”的共现情况。分四组调查:“+没-不”、“-没+不”、“+没+不”与“-没-不”。在语料分析的基础上探讨“不/没+心理动词”的句法环境与量的性质,并探求其背后的认知理据。结果显示,大部分心理动词既可以被“不”否定又可以被“没”否定;对心理动词来说,其连续量的语义特征要比其离散量的语义特征更为显著。第六章:量的大小。从物量、程度量、动量三个角度分别考察心理动词量的大小的表达。重点探讨了心理动词进入比较句的情况,指出能进入比较句的心理动词在量性特征上具有更显著的程度量性。就心理动词“适中”量的表达情况指出由于心理标准量的主观性,使得心理动词通常不能表达“适中”的量。第七章:量的变化。考察心理动词量的变化的表达。从质变量变两个角度分别进行探讨。质变方面,从构词上分析了“发+X”式心理动词的认知语义特征,从句法上考察了心理动词与“了”和“起来”的共现情况。量变方面,以“心理动词+下去”这一结构为主要对象讨论量的延伸,以“越来越+心理动词”这一结构为主要对象讨论量的积累。量的延伸主要指动量的变化,量的积累主要指程度量的变化。第八章:心理动词重叠问题考察。指出哪些心理动词可以重叠,有什么样的句法与语义限制。分析可以重叠的心理动词能以什么方式重叠以及不同重叠式的语义内容与句法功能等。第九章:结语。概括全文主要观点,提出文章的不足之处和今后的研究设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation focuses on the quantification features of the mental verb in Modern Chinese.And it is researched both on the form and semantic features through four dimensions:the quality,the existing,the magnitude,and the changing.Based on a mass of actual Modern Chinese corpus,this dissertation concludes that two categories are created according to the quantification features of the mental verb:the marginal mental verb and the subjective mental verb.This dissertation falls into three parts(nine chapters):the exposition on theory (Chapter 1-3),the specific analysis(Chapter 4-8),and the conclusion(Chapter 9).Chapter 1 overviews formers’ studies on the mental verb in Modern Chinese,and draws the outline of this dissertation.It summarized the formers’ studies into two aspects through the intensifying and time of the quantification,concluding that it is still not systematized in the existing studies on the quantification features of the mental verb in Modern Chinese.Then it reveals the approaches and meaning of this dissertation as well as the structure and source of the corpus.Chapter 2 defines the range of the mental verb in Modern Chinese,sorts out the features of the mental verb both in syntax and semantic,and summarizes its classification.The definition is based on three semantic features:+psycho;explicit behavior is not an requirement;the subject is a person or a personified thing.Under this definition,the inferior classification is made according both to the word formation and semantic.Chapter 3 clarifies the basic theory and related concepts as well as the dimension of the study.This dissertation based on the theory about the quantification category for Modern Chinese,involving the quantification,the quality,the degree,the measure for material,and the measure for capacity,and so on.It is studied from four dimensions: the quality,magnitude,existing and changing of the quantification.Chapter 4 explores the quantification quality of the mental verb through researches below:on its nominal quantification via the co-existing with the capacity nominal quantifier;on its intensifying quantification via the co-existing with intensifier;and on its verbal quantification via the co-existing with the verbal quantifier ’ci’ and ’hui’.It also analyses the structure ’zhong+the mental verb’ during the research on the nominal quantification.The research and analysis is also proceeding on the mental verb marked by intensifying morphemes in word-formation,which co-exist with intensifier,and concludes that the use of intensifier is getting expanded and the intensifying element in the verb is getting weakened.Chapter 5 studies on co-existing of the mental verb with the negative adverb ’bu’ and ’mei’.Based on corpus research,the study falls into four parts:’+mei-bu’,’-mei+ bu’,’+mei+bu’,and ’-mei-bu’,and investigate the syntax circumstances and quantification quality of the structure ’bu/mei+the mental verb’,seeking the cognitive support behind.The result displays that mostly mental verbs is not only negated by ’bu’ but also by ’mei’,and the constitute semantic quantification features of the mental verb is more distinctive than the discrete ones.Chapter 6 focused on the magnitude of the quantification of the mental verb.The study divides into three parts:the nominal quantification,intensifying quantification, and verbal quantification.And it stresses on the mental verb in the comparing sentences.The analysis finds that the mental verb in comparing sentence gets more intensifying on its quantification features.In the end,it studies on the expressing of the ’medium’ quantification of the mental verb,concluding that the mental verb usually can’t express the ’medium’ quantification of the mental verb because of its subjectivity of the standard quantification.Chapter 7 researches on the expressing of the quantification changing of the mental verb both in qualitative change and quantitative change.In the qualitative change,it studies on the cognitive semantic features of the structure ’fa+X’,discussing the co-existing of the mental verb with the ’le’ and ’qilai’.In the quantitative change,the investigation emphasizes on both the expanding and accumulating of the quantification.The expanding of the quantification is mainly about the changing of the verbal quantification,which instanced by the structure ’the mental verb+xiaqu’. The accumulating of the quantification is mainly about the changing of the intensifying quantification,which exemplified by the structure ’yuelaiyue+the mental verb’.Chapter 8 studies on the reduplication of the mental verb.The topics in this chapter are reduplicative mental verbs and the limitation in syntax and semantic.It also investigates their reduplicative ways as well as the semantic content and syntax function.Chapter 9 concludes this dissertation,proposing the research plan in future.更多还原