服务利益论

【作者】 王海文；

【导师】 李慧中；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 政治经济学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 基于利益视角,本文提出服务利益范畴,并沿着时空拓展的线索从多个方面对该范畴进行了研究。文章运用历史的分析方法,对服务利益的形成进行了历史考察和系统的理论分析,并具体提出了服务利益这一新的范畴(第二、三章)。该范畴的现实基础可以追溯到人类社会产生之初,但是却为物质利益所笼罩、制约,并且两者有着对抗的态势,因此处于孕育成长的非物质利益阶段。然而,需要、分工、劳动以及利益体系不断上升发展的必然性,使得两者在体系内部的力量对比和地位状况逐渐发生了变化。到资本主义社会,服务利益得以逐渐确立,并彰显于服务经济时代。本文认为,服务利益在当前人类社会发展阶段尚处于发展的初期阶段。从人类社会产生之初,其围绕消费,再逐渐发展到以服务生产为中心。虽然目前生产性服务利益成为重要的利益形式,其发展方兴未艾,并且成为造就中产阶级或阶层的庞大利益群体的重要途径,但是为生产而生产绝非人类利益的归宿,而对消费水平和结构的影响应该是服务利益到目前为止于人的最大利益的体现,然而这与为人的本质和自由全面的发展而生产与消费的长远利益目标还有相当的距离。为了深化对服务利益的认识,文章考察了财富效应与结构效应、部门差异与空间差异以及从封闭经济到开放条件下的服务利益的深化和发展(第四、五、六章)。分析表明:第一,随着财富深度和广度的拓展以及财富尺度、财富分配和财富主体存在转向的变化,服务利益大大深化了,使得人类在财富观念发生变革的同时,又有着关注自身,推进自身所处社会阶段的倾向和努力。而消费结构、生产结构,进而产业结构本质上就是利益结构。服务利益恰恰又成为消费与生产结构变迁追求的目标和前进的动力,成为整体经济结构协调发展、能级跃升的重要动因;第二,非均衡发展的各种服务利益形式共存于服务利益体系中,在不同的经济水平下表现出差异性的发展态势和相互关系。而深化生产性服务利益以及消费性服务利益构成的现代服务利益,有利于推进生产方式变革和财富尺度变化,有利于生产性服务利益这一当前重要利益的增长以及利益关系的紧密和谐与服务利益长远目标的实现;第三,服务利益不仅存在于一定的空间中,而且空间本身已成为利益角逐的对象。服务利益空间调整和布局实质是利益关系的调整,而利益主体的自觉意识随经济发展在资源的要素配置和空间配置的作用也日益突显;第四,在以发达国家利益关系扩张为主导的经济全球化的今天,服务利益也随着这种扩张的趋势在全球发展。服务利益的全球化已经成为经济利益全球化重要组成部分。它不仅彰显人类共同利益的去向,而且对利益公平及构建新的利益秩序具有重要意义和影响。服务贸易是服务利益在开放条件下实现的具体途径和表现。目前,商业存在是其主要的实现方式,其既具有客观性,也是不同利益主体利益斗争与博弈的结果。文章还运用利益的分析方法,比较、规范及实证的分析方法加强我国与世界其他国家,特别是发达资本主义国家在服务利益方面的对比分析。本文认为,与发达国家相比,我国服务利益无论从利益主体规模、结构还是水平等各方面都有较大差距。利益群体处于分化形成时期,利益结构正处于调整变动阶段,虽然有着扩大差距的可能,但也意味着上升和发展的空间还很大。在此过程中,特别要注意推进技术和知识密集型服务利益的发展,优化利益内部结构和空间结构,增强服务利益服务于整体经济利益的能力;同时又要关注服务利益于广大消费群体的利益,提升消费利益结构水平,缩小利益差距。面对服务利益的全球化,要积极创造服务利益开放的有利环境,将内外条件结合起来,共同提升我国服务利益在国际范围内的地位与实力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper advances a new basic category, that is, service interest from the angle of interest and makes a research into it from many aspects following the clue of development of time and space.In Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, the paper makes a historical investigation and systematic analysis of the forming of service interest and advances such a new category. The realistic basis of this category goes back to the beginning of human society, but it was restricted by material interest and there was confrontation between them. Therefore it was in the stage of nonmaterial interest. However, the inexorable law that the systems of need, labor division, labor as well as interest go up and develop leads to the change of their strength comparison and status. In the capitalism, service interest gradually establishes and is remarkable in the era of service economy.The paper holds that service interest is in its early phase in the human society at present. Its development at the beginning of human society mainly centered on consumption and gradually on production. Although now productive service interest becomes an important kind of interest and is on the upswing, and meanwhile dedicates to the emergence and expansion of interest groups of middle class, production with the aim only for production is not the destination of human interests after all. Till now its effect on consumption level and structure embodies its maximum interest to human beings. Nevertheless it is far away from its long-term aim of the production and consumption for the nature and freedom and all-round development of human beingsIn order to deepen the understanding of service interest, the paper makes analysis of its wealth effect and structure effect, sectorial difference and spatial difference as well as its development under the condition from closed economy to open economy (Chapter 4, 5, 6). It shows that, firstly, with the development of wealth and the changes of the measure of wealth, the distribution of wealth and wealth subject, service interest deepens itself to much extent, which changes the human beings’ conception of wealth and lets them pay much attention to themselves and push the development of human society. Moreover, it should be acknowledged that the structures of consumption, production and industry reflect interest structures in essence. Service interest becomes the aim and power of the evolution of consumption and production structure, becomes a significant factor of influencing the harmonious development of the whole economic structure. Secondly, various kinds of service interests coexisting in the interest system under the unbalanced development enjoy different developing situation and mutual relationship. To push modern service interests including productive and consumption interest benefits the change of mode of production and the measure of wealth, benefits the growth of the important interest, say, productive service interest, the establishment of harmonious inertest relationship and the realization of service interests’ long-term aim. Thirdly, service interest exists in the concrete space and space becomes the pursued object of interest. The adjustment and layout of space of service interest is the adjustment of interest relationship in essence. In this process, the consciousness of interest subjects in the factor allocation and spatial allocation of resources has been boosted. Fourthly, in today’s economic globalization dominated by capitalism interest relationship, service interest also develops in the scope of the whole world. It has become an important part of economic globalization which shows the tendency of the common interest of human beings and impacts the interest justice and the establishment of new interest order to a great degree. Service trade is the concrete way and demonstration of the realization of service interest in open economy. Now commercial presence is the main way to realize the interest, which is objective and is the result of interest struggle among different interest subjects.The paper makes comparative analysis between our country and other ones, especially developed capitalism countries. It holds that in comparison with the developed countries, there is a big gap in the interest subject scale, interest structure and level etc. In our country interest groups are splitting up and interest structure is being adjusted. Although interest difference will be expanded possibly, it also means that service interest enjoys strong potentiality. In the development process, much attention should be paid to push the technological intensive and knowledge intensive service interest, optimize interest inner structure and spatial structure, strengthen the positive influence of service interest on the whole economic interest system, improve consumption interest structure and narrow the interest gap for the benefit of broad masses of consumption groups. Facing the globalization of service interest, our country should better the environment of open economy for service interest and improve its status and strength in the international scope through combining internal conditions with external ones.更多还原