【作者】 金豪洙；

【导师】 黄芝晓；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 媒介管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本研究试图分析美国精英集团如何从意识形态上构架2001年9月11日的恐怖袭击事件以及之后一年的反恐战争(War on Terrorism campaign)。研究尝试通过构架事件的方式去解读不同的美国精英集团(例如政府官员、企业职员、媒体人员等)是如何有效限制或扩展政府应对911恐怖袭击所采取行动的选择。本论文将以社会运动视角方面的文献的构架作为基础。这项研究考察了不同精英集团如何形成自己的主张来动员集体行动服务于各自的利益,利用了在制造“美国”的集体形象和共有的民族、性别、阶级意识,美国的敌人的特征,以及其在更迭世界中的角色。此研究所运用的方法是定性内容分析和批判性构架分析,从现美国总统乔治.布什的主要演讲、《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》的社论、社员评论及专栏评论中理论上有目的性地进行抽样。精英的不同种类和来源间诊断性、预测性和动机性构架的相似与不同之处将被识别出并进行社会学方面的解释。同时将估量各家媒体文献对布什总统演讲中提出的对反恐战争意识形态上假设的支持度来进行此项研究。《纽约时报》社论版的读者群远比《华盛顿邮报》的读者更支持反恐战争,然而整体来说《华盛顿邮报》比《纽约时报》更支持反恐战争。出于意外的是两份报纸的媒体精英比政府官员更支持反恐战争。几乎所有精英集团都支持进行先发制人的袭击政策以及伊拉克的萨达姆政权更迭。媒体的作用不仅是解释和传播精英们对反恐战争的意识形态,同时更重要的是他们帮助增强对布什政府反恐战争意识形态的构架。当运用批评性构架分析来研究民族、阶级和经济架构、精英评论中的性别时,我从数据中发现可以将一种意识形态描述成一种帝国主义的意识形态。美国精英,尤其是媒体精英不仅试图非法化“恐怖分子”,更试图抵制那些批判全球经济、文化美国化“必不可免”的人。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study attempts to analyze how American elites groups ideologically framed events of terrorists attack on September 11,2001 and the completion of the first year of the War on Terrorism(WOT) campaign.It tries to understand how the different groups of American elites(e.g., government officials,corporate officials,media officials etc.) effectively limited or expanded options for state action in response to the terrorists attack on 9/11 by framing the events.This dissertation will building on the framing perspective of the social movements’ literature.This study considers how different elite group shapes their opinion to mobilize collective action to serve their interests,which draw upon a collective identity and shared racial, gender and class ideologies of ’America’,its enemies,and its role in the changing world.The methodologies that have been employed to this study will be Qualitative Content Analysis and Critical Framing Analysis which theoretically purposive sample of major speeches of George W.Bush(GWB) and New York Times(NYT) and the Washington Post(WP) editorials,staff commentaries and guest Op-Eds.Similarities and differences in diagnostic,prognostic and motivational framing between sources and categories of elites will be identified and sociologically explained. There’s also the amount of support of each media document gave for the ideological assumptions of the War on Terror as represented in speeches of George W.Bush will be measured for this study.The NYT editorial board was farther ahead of its readership in support of the War on Terror than the WP,but overall the WP was more supportive than the NYT.Media elites from both newspapers were more supportive of the WOT than government officials.Almost all of groups of elites were found for the policy of preemptive strikes and specifically regime change in Iraq.The role of media was not only translate and circulate elite ideologies of the WOT but to help amplify the framing of them as well.What I have found from the data while employing Critical Framing Analysis to examine constructions of race;class and economics;and gender in elite discourse,was an ideology that can be described as an imperialist ideology.American elites,particularly media elites not only try to delegitimize ’terrorists’ but those who criticized the ’inevitability’ of the Americanization of global economy and culture.更多还原