南四湖水环境质量评价研究

【作者】 苗群；

【导师】 李悦；

【作者基本信息】 青岛大学 ， 系统理论， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 南水北调工程是解决北方地区水资源严重短缺问题的特大基础设施项目,南四湖作为南水北调东线工程的重要输水通道和调蓄湖泊,面临着严峻而紧迫的输水工程水质安全保障任务。经过几年来的综合治理,南四湖湖泊水质已经得到了一定的改善,但距国家地表Ⅲ类水的调水水质目标要求仍有较大的距离。随着南水北调东线工程调水日期的日益临近,实现南四湖整体水质在调水前达到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中的Ⅲ类标准目标,对南四湖流域污染现状进行治理刻不容缓。本文从系统理论的观点出发,对南四湖流域自然和社会经济现状进行了调查,结合南四湖流域污染源调查,制定了南四湖水质空间监测计划,对南四湖湖区和入湖河流水质进行了监测,对调水前水质进行了综合评价研究,并对主要污染物的空间分布规律进行了研究,分析出导致南四湖流域水污染现状的成因,根据国内外湖泊流域先进的污染治理技术,有针对性地提出了南四湖流域的水污染控制对策建议。主要研究内容如下:1)本文针对南四湖流域复杂的水环境系统,对基于非线性理论的BP神经网络进行了研究,建立了基于BP神经网络的南四湖流域水质综合评价模型,运用数学应用软件Matlab,对南四湖湖区和入湖河口水质进行了综合评价,采用Surfer绘图软件将综合评价结果进行可视化,研究分析了南四湖水质超标区域和超标原因。2)遥感水质监测具有实时、高效、数据量大、观测范围广的优点,可以弥补常规水质监测的不足之处。本文采用遥感技术,利用地面水质监测数据与同步获取的Landsat5 TM遥感数据,进行与实测叶绿素a浓度值和悬浮物浓度值之间的Pearson相关分析,构建了针对南四湖水体的遥感水质反演模型,对南四湖水体叶绿素a和悬浮物进行了分析研究,同时采用卡尔森指数（TropicStateIndex,TSI）对南四湖水体的富营养化程度及分布规律进行了研究。3)为研究探讨影响南四湖水质的主要因素,采用Surfer绘图软件将南四湖水质监测中的COD_Cr、NH₃-N、TP、TN四个指标的浓度空间分布可视化,并对其污染分布状况进行分析研究,寻找导致南四湖不同区域水质超标的主要因子,为南四湖流域污染控制对策的研究提供依据。4)本文在总结分析了南四湖流域的自然、社会经济现状、污染源调查结果以及国内外流域污染控制技术和措施的基础上,结合南四湖水质评价结果和水质污染成因的研究,针对性地提出了适合该流域污染治理的控制对策建议,为南四湖流域治理和南水北调东线水质目标的实现提供了依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 South To North Water Transfer Project is a exceptionally large-scale infrastructure project for the problem of serious water shortage in Northern China. As an important transmission channel and storage lake in Shandong Province, Nansi Lake is facing a great challenge to guarantee the water safety in this project. Although the water quality of the lake has been improved through treatments of the recent years, it is still far from the environmental quality standard for theⅢclass surface water. With the day of water transferring for the East Route Project of South To North Water Transfer coming closer and closer, it is of ultimate urgency to improve the water quality of Nansi Lake to meet theⅢclass standard of ’ Environmental quality standard for surface water’ .Basing on systematic theory, a comprehensive investigation on current situation of economy, nature and society in Nansi Lake basin is conducted in this paper, according to which a plan is drafted to monitor the water quality of the lake and rivers comprehensively. Meanwhile, the cause for the contaminations in Nansi Lake basin are analyzed in this paper by evaluating and analyzing comprehensively the water quality of Nansi Lake before water transferring and spatial distribution characteristics of the main contaminations. According to these analyses, respective countermeasures against those water pollutions are brought up on the basis of the advanced technologies at home and abroad of water pollution prevention and control. The main contents of this research are as follows:1) A comprehensive evaluation model is established in this paper for Nansi Lake basin by studying the BP Nerve Network which is based on nonlinear theory. By applying MATLAB, the water quality of the lake and rivers is comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, the over contaminated zone and the causes for the pollutions are analyzed by applying Surfer to visualize evaluation results.2) Using Remote Sensing methods to monitor the water quality has many advantages such as being prompt, highly-effective, information-abundant, and boundless etc. In this paper, the inversion models of the typical water quality was presented by analyzing correlation between TM images of Landsat 5 and local measured values of chlorophyll-a and suspended solid. It was used to evaluate the water quality of Nansi Lake. In addition, the eutrophication level of Nansi Lake was evaluated by Tropic State Index （TSI）.3) In order to do further study on main factors of influencing the water quality of Nansi Lake, Surfer is adapted in this paper to visualize the spatial distribution of concentration of COD_Cr、NH₃-N、TP、TN and analyze the distribution of the pollutions, which will contribute to Nansi Lake Basin Pollution Control.4) pollution control countermeasures for Nansi Lake basin are presented in this paper by analyzing the current situation of nature, society and economy, pollution sources as well as preventing and controlling technologies over water pollution at home and abroad. Moreover, this paper provides technological support for pollution control in East Route Project of South To North Water Transfer Project in combination with the water quality evaluation results and pollution factors.更多还原