【作者】 彭连清；

【导师】 张炳申；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 产业经济学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 随着市场经济的发展,我国区域经济一体化进程加快,区域经济增长不仅依靠其内在因素,同时也越来越受到周边地区经济增长的关联带动。本文通过对发展经济学区域非均衡发展理论和新经济地理学经济集聚与扩散理论的系统梳理,从区际产品流动、区际资本流动、区际劳动力流动、区际知识流动等角度探讨了区域经济增长的溢出机制,形成一个系统的理论分析框架。然后,从这四个角度对我国区域间经济增长的溢出效应进行了实证研究。首先,本文利用区域间投入产出表描述了我国区域之间产业关联的大致轮廓,并采用Miller-Round模型测算了我国区域间经济增长的溢出效应。结果显示,我国东部地区经济增长对中西部地区的溢出效应较低,而中西部地区对东部地区的溢出效应较高。这种区域互动机制是造成我国东部与中西部地区经济差距持续扩大一个重要原因。因而,进一步加强区际经济联系并注意提高东部地区对中西部地区的溢出效应是促进我国各区域持续快速协调发展的应有之义。其次,本文对我国不同类型的资本在区域间流动状况进行了估算,总体判断是:由政府计划配置的资金向中西部流动,由市场配置的资金则主要向东部流动。研究发现,市场一体化推进使民间资本在利益驱动下更多地流入发达地区,形成“回流效应”,这一阶段的区域间资本流动倾向于扩大而非缩小区域差距。在我国目前资源有限和存在地方利益的情况下,政府在协调区域资本流动和区域经济发展方向采取兼顾均等的金融和财政调节政策是十分必要的。再次,本文利用人口普查资料和人口抽样调查资料,对我国区际劳动力流动的规模与流向进行了深入分析。通过对区际劳动力流动与区域经济增长关系的实证分析发现,区际劳动力流动既从增加劳动力供给的角度促进了东部沿海发达地区经济快速发展,同时也通过迁移收入转移提高中西部欠发达地区人均收入和消费需求,进而拉动当地经济增长。因此,区际劳动力流动是一种“泽富济贫”的双赢之举。消除限制区际劳动力流动的各种障碍,进一步增强我国区域间劳动力流动性,是促进流出地和流入地经济发展、抑制当前区域差距持续扩大态势的应时之举。本文最后对我国区域间的技术知识溢出效应进行了实证检验。结果表明,我国区域之间存在从东部地区技术领先省份向中西部技术相对落后地区“由里到外、由近及远”的技术知识溢出效应。应加强中西部地区对教育、公共设施与R&D活动进行有效的投资,培育其模仿和利用技术先进地区技术知识溢出的能力,以获取学习模仿与技术创新的“后发优势”,进而促进区域快速经济增长,缩小区域差距。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of market economy, the process of regional economic integration in China is speeding up. As a result, a region economic growth not only depends on inner factors, but also is drove by other regions’ economic growth. This paper systematically summarizes the theory of regional imbalance development in Development Economics and the theory of agglomeration and dispersion in New Economic Geography (NEG), and expounds spillover channels of regional economic growth from flow of goods, flow of capital, labor migration, knowledge spillovers among regions. Then, according to this analytical framework, this paper makes an empirical study of the spillover-effect of regional economic growth in China.Firstly, Based on the China’s multiregional IOT, this paper describes the inter-industrial linkages among regions in China; and then, using the Miller-Round model, the paper further analyses the spillover effect of regional economy in China. The result shows that the development of the East China has small spillover effect to the Midland China and West China, even smaller than of the Midland China and West China to the East China. This interaction mechanism among regions play an important role on the continually widening of economy gap between coastal region and inland region. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the inter-regions linkages and improve the regional economy spillovers, which makes for the development of every region in China.Secondly, this paper estimate the condition of trans-regional flow of capital in China, and one conclusion is that the capital government allocated flowed from eastern region to central and western regions, but the capital market allocated flowed from central and western regions to eastern region. The result of empirical study shows that with the progress of market integration, more and more private capital flowed from central and western regions to eastern developed region, and come into being the backwash effect. This phenomenon has not narrowed regional economy gap, but widened regional economy gap. On the understanding that there are finite capital and regional benefits, it is necessary that central government allocates capital.Thirdly, this paper deeply analyzes the condition of labor migration across regions in China based on the basic statistics on national population census and sample survey, describing the current trend of labor migration and the characteristics of migrants. Then, this paper studies the relationship between labor migration across regions and regional economic growth. The result of empirical study shows that labor immigration in eastern developed region can improve region’s economic growth rate; For the net emigration regions, the growth rate of per-capita consumption and per-capita income will be increased greatly, and region’s economic growth rate can also increases. To sum up, the results indicate that inter-region migration is helpful in national economic growth, due to the more efficiently allocation of labor in the regions. Therefore, it is very urgent to eliminate those institutional obstacles impeding labor mobility.Finally, this paper makes an empirical study on knowledge spillovers, and finds a technology spatial diffusion mechanism from high-technological region to low-technological region. For the central and western regions, it is very important to increase the investment in human resource and R&D expenditure, which will make for the improvement of capability in imitating and learning advanced technology, and obtain "Advantage of Backwardness".更多还原