克拉玛依油田老化油回收实验研究

【作者】 李拥军；

【导师】 李颖川；

【作者基本信息】 西南石油大学 ， 油气田开发工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 石油是国民经济重要的基础能源。近年来,国内石油需求强劲,消费大幅增长,而国内石油产量却徘徊不前,供需矛盾日益突出。目前我国各大油、气田已进入开发中后期,地层产能不断降低、含水上升和其它复杂情况导致石油和天然气的开采难度不断增高,生产效率不断降低。而开采到地面相当一部分原油因各种原因转化为老化油,不能应用,造成能源浪费。例如:油井管外漏及其它落地原油,修井废液,污水事故池、污水处理装置回收的加过各种化学药剂的乳化原油、原油处理装置排出的乳化液以及油井各种作业后排出的污油,清罐罐底污油等。因此老化油破乳回收二次使用将成为我国原油产量新的增长点,对于保障石油市场的供需平衡具有重要的现实意义。本文以克拉玛依油田典型老化油(稠油和稀油)为研究对象,以实验为研究手段,紧紧围绕老化油回收这一主题,主要开展以下工作:(1)深入调查克拉玛依油田老化油的来源,分类整理选取具有典型、代表性的红浅稠油处理站、稀油处理站和车排子联合站老化油作为研究对象,分别对浮渣、水珠直径及其界面膜厚度进行微观成像分析,进一步明确了本文研究对象。(2)从原油乳状液形成机理入手,深入分析了老化油乳化剂的来源和乳状液的形成过程,进而研究乳状液的稳定性机理,并以脱水率为目标,分别开展了搅拌强度、原油组成、液珠直径、油水界面膜、高分子化合物等参数对老化油稳定性的敏感性实验,为老化油破乳回收提供了重要的基础数据。(3)分别采用加热破乳、电破乳、离心脱水以及化学破乳等油田常用破乳脱水工艺对老化油进行破乳脱水实验,找到老化油的破乳对策——热化学—离心脱水技术;并提出了老化油破乳剂选择的原则,对初选的四种破乳剂分别开展了不同预测时间、脱水温度、加药浓度条件下的脱水实验,合理优选了添加剂,确定老化油破乳脱水的实验条件。(4)基于水滴沉降原理,对老化油离心脱水的影响因素进行评判,确定各影响因素的重要程度,进而对各类影响因素开展正交实验研究,确定合理工艺参数,为成功进行现场模拟实验提供重要的技术依据。(5)对比分析原油掺蒸汽和热水以及加热过程原油乳化试验结果,确定合理地加热方式;并引人碟式分离技术分离固体颗粒渣,分类给出了残渣处理方法。进而合理确定了老化油回收现场试验参数,应用采油一厂红浅大坝收油和车排子收油、重油公司蒸发场拉油、采油二厂81#站收油开展了现场试验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oil is the important foundational energy to the national economy. In recent years, the domestic petroleum demand is strong, the consumption has a large growth, but the domestic petroleum output increases a little, the contradiction of supply and demand is prominent. Now many big oil/gas fields have entered the development mid and late part. The reduction of the stratum productive capacity, the increase of water cut and other complex situations cause the unceasing advances of exploitation difficulty and the unceasing reduction of production efficiency. On the other hand, one part of crude oil has become aged oil which can not apply and brings about the energy waste. For example, the besides leaking of oil well pipe and other ground crude oil, the well conditioning used liquid, the sewage accident pool, the emulsified crude oil containing different kinds of chemical agent which is reclaimed by sewage-treatment plant, the emulsion which is exhausted by crude oil processing device and the dirty oil which is expelled by different kinds of oil well task, the dirty oil of tank bottom, ect.. So the aged oil recovery and quadric use will become a new growth pole to our national crude production rate and have an important realistic significance to insure the balance of the oil markets supply and demand.This article take representative aged product (heavy oil and thin oil) in the Kelamayi Oil Field as the object of study, and take the experiment as the research method, closely revolves the aged product to recycle this subject below, mainly develops works:(1) Thoroughly Investigated the origin from the Kelamayi Oil Field aged product, has selected the aged product from the representative red shallow heavy oil processing station, thin oil processing stands with the Che Pai Zi united station, as the object of study, separately to the dross, the water drop diameter and contact surface film thickness carries on the microscopic image formation analysis, further has been clear about this article object of study.(2) From crude oil cream formation mechanism obtaining, has thoroughly analyzed the aged product emulsifier origin and the emulsion forming process, then the research emulsion stable mechanism, and take the dehydration rate as a goal, has developed the agitation intensity, the crude oil composition, fluid parameters separately and so on bead diameter, water-oil interface membrane, high-molecular compound to the old carburetion stable sensitivity experiment, have provided the important foundation data for the old carburetion emulsion breaking recycling.(3) Normal demulsification dehydration technology such as Heating demulsification、electrical demulsification、centrifugal dehydration and chemical demulsification etc, are adopted separately in demulsification dehydration experiment of aged oil . Thermochemistry-centrifugal dehydration technology are found to solve the demulsifucation of aged oil, and the choose principle of deemulsifier is proposed. Dehydration experiments are carried on separately to the four primary election deemulsifier in different prediction time, dehydration temperature, chemical feeding concentration, and choosed the rightful additive, ascertained the experiment condition of demulsifucation dehydration of aged oil.(4) Based on the water-drop subside theory, the affecting factors of centrifugal dehydration of aged oil are evaluated, the importance of each affecting factor is ascertained. Then the orthogonal experiment research of each affecting factor are carried on , rightful technology parameters are ascertained. Those are important technical foundation of successful on-site simulated test.(5) Based on the comparative analysis of the experiment results in crude oil mixed steam or hydrothermal water and crude oil emulsification in the cause of heating, the rightful heating approach is ascertained. The butterfly separation technology is drawn in the separation of solid particles, and the processing method of sludge is given classifiably. Then the on-site experiments parameters of aged oil recycle are ascertained reasonably. The respective aged oil from Hong Qian Da Ba and Che Pai Zi of No. 1 Oil Plant, Zheng Fa Chang of Heavy Oil Plant, 81# station of No 2 Oil Plant are recycled by the new system.更多还原