【作者】 徐宁；

【导师】 孙广仁；

【作者基本信息】 山东中医药大学 ， 中医基础理论， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 目的:通过本研究试图明确古代哲学精气概念与中医学精气概念,明确二者的区别、相互关系。以此厘清两种学科范畴中的精气概念,构建精气概念的层次结构,这对于认识古代哲学与中医学的关系具有重大意义。同时中医学精气概念的明确,为中医学基本术语标准化研究提供资料支持,有利于中医学术的发展和交流。方法:(1)采用文献学的方法对相关内容进行系统的检索、分析、归纳、比较,结合逻辑推理明确古代哲学精气和中医学精气的概念,构建精气概念的逻辑结构。(2)条文纳入标准、排除标准和分类标准。纳入标准:所有与本研究相关的“精”、“气”、“精气”及“元气”条文。排除标准:语义生涩,难以理解的条文。分类标准:①哲学概念:与宇宙万物发生、发展、变化相关。②中医学概念:与人体的生理、病理相关。③自然环境方面的概念:与自然界气候变化相关。④其他。结果:检出了《老子》中精条目2条;气条目3条。其中哲学的精1条,气1条;中医学的精1条,气2条。检出了《庄子》中精条目24条;气条目35条。其中哲学的精4条,气7条;中医学的精11条,气17条。检出了《管子》中精条目33条;气条目77条;精气条目5条。其中哲学的精10条,气14条,精气1条;中医学的精2条,气24条。在5条精气条目中有1条指哲学的精;1条指中医学的精。检出了《论衡》中11条哲学元气条目;3条哲学的精条目;18条哲学的气条目;4条哲学精气条目。检出了《内经》中精条目28条,其中人体之精24条。在人体之精中,一身之精10条;先天之精2条;水谷之精3条;生殖之精2条;脏腑之精7条。检出了《内经》中气条目356条,其中人体之气276条。在人体之气中,人气14条;正气7条;真气19条;阴气78条;阳气102条;宗气9条;营气18条;卫气29条。检出了《内经》中精气条目38条,其中哲学的精气1条,精气在中医学中,有时指人体之精,有11条;有时指人体之气,有14条;有时是人体之精与气的合称,有9条。对检出的哲学著作《老子》、《庄子》、《管子》、《论衡》中的“精”、“气”、“精气”和“元气”的条目进行了系统的分析和归纳,明确了中国古代哲学著作中“精”、“气”、“精气”和“元气”的基本概念。对《内经》中检出的“精”、“气”和“精气”及《难经》中检出的“元气”等条目进行了系统的分析和归纳,明确了中医学中“人体之精”和“人体之气”的基本概念。结论:明确了中国古代哲学中精、气、精气和元气的概念和中医学中“人体之精”和“人体之气”的基本概念及二者的区别和相互关系。中国古代哲学中精、气、精气和元气的概念:在中国古代哲学中,精、气、精气和元气的概念是相同的,都是指宇宙万物构成之本原。中医学人体之精和人体之气的基本概念:人体之精是由禀受于父母生殖之精而形成的先天之精和后天水谷精微相融合而形成的一种精华物质,是构成人体的最基本物质,是人体生命的本原;人体之气是由人体之精化生,并与肺吸入的自然界中的清气相融合而成的,在人体内运动不息的精微物质。中国古代哲学中精气概念与中医学中精气概念是有区别的。①在中国古代哲学中精、气、精气和元气的概念是相同的;在中医学中人体之精和人体之气的概念是有明显区别的。②人体之精常呈液态贮存于体内,贵藏而不妄泄;人体之气是无形之细微物质,贵在运动有序而不紊乱。③就人体之精与人体之气产生的先后而言,则精在先,气在后,气由精化。④精是生命的本原,气是生命的维系。⑤中国古代哲学的精气概念是抽象的,而中医学的人体之精和人体之气的概念是具体的。⑥就层次结构而言,中国古代哲学的精气位于上位,中医学的人体之精和人体之气位于下位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To define the basic definition of jingqi in Chinese ancient philosophy and essence and qi in basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),and make clear the main distinction and relationship between them. It can make the conception of essence and qi in TCM standard ,and benefit to the development and exchange of TCM .Methods: By means of analysis, inducing and comparing the related content to reach a conclusion combined with logic inference, using the method of literature search.Results: In Laozi, there are 2 items about jing, one item is related to Chinese ancient philosophy, the other is related to TCM; there are 3 items about qi, one is related to Chinese ancient philosophy, the others are related to TCM. In Zhuangzi, there are 24 items about jing ,4 items are related to Chinese ancient philosophy, 11 items are related to TCM; there are 35 items about qi, 7 items are related to Chinese ancient philosophy, 17 items are related to TCM. In Guanzi, there are 33 items about jing ,10 items are related to Chinese ancient philosophy, 2 items are related to TCM; there are 77 items about qi, 14 items are related to Chinese ancient philosophy, 24 items are related to TCM; there are 5 items about jingqi, one is related to Chinese ancient philosophy, one is related to TCM. In Lunheng, there are 11 items about yuanqi which is related to Chinese ancient philosophy; there are 3 items about jing which is related to Chinese ancient philosophy; there are 18 items about qi which is related to Chinese ancient philosophy; there are 4 items about jingqi which is related to Chinese ancient philosophy.In Neijing, there are 28 items about jing ,24 items are related to TCM; there are 356 items about qi, 276 items are related to TCM; there are 38 items about jingqi, 34 items are related to TCM.Through the studying of the jing,qi ,jingqi and yuanqi in the Chinese ancient philosophy books, Laozi ,Zhuangzi ,Guanzi and Lunheng, we make clear the basic definition of jingqi in Chinese ancient philosophy. Through the studying of the essence , qi and essence and qi in Chinese ancient medicine books ,Neijing and Nanjing ,we make clear the basic definition of essence and qi in TCM.Conclusion: There is an obvious distinction between jingqi in Chinese ancient philosophy and essence and qi in TCM. The definition of jingqi in Chinese ancient philosophy is the origin of the world. And the definitions of jing, qi, jingqi and yuanqi in Chinese ancient philosophy are same .The definition of essence in TCM is essential material in our body. It comes from our parents and the nourishment we have taken .The essence is the origin of our body. Generally, it presents as liquid in our body. QI is the essential material of our body also, it comes from essence, food and air. But it is not the origin of our body. It presents in our body without shape. It moves without stopping in our body. On the order of emergence of essence and qi in our body, the essence is earlier than qi .It is not same between the definition of essence and qi.There is an obvious difference between the definition of jingqi in Chinese ancient philosophy and essence and qi in TCM. Jingqi in Chinese ancient philosophy is abstract, and essence and qi in TCM is concrete. On the structure of them, the jingqi in Chinese ancient philosophy is upper and the essence and qi in TCM is lower. It should not be mix up between the definition of jingqi in Chinese ancient philosophy and essence qi in TCM.更多还原