【作者】 贺凤云；

【导师】 宋考平；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 油气田开发工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 在油田建设投资中,地面工程占油田开发总投资的30%~40%,占气田投资的60%~70%,油气集输与处理系统的建设工程量和投资一般约占整个地面工程的60%~70%;集输与处理系统的能耗占原油生产总能耗的30~40%,其中集油段能耗占60%~80%,而这部分能耗中90%~97%为热能消耗。优化管网结构,减少管道用量,优化集输参数,选择合理集输方式,从而实现油气集输的“低能耗、低投资、高效益、高水平”。本文结合现场实际需求,以管网投资最小为目标函数建立了树状和环状管网系统拓扑优化问题的数学模型,并根据模型的结构特点,采用分级优化法求解;以管网投资和运行费用最低为目标函数,建立了树状管网集输参数优化数学模型,采用POWELL法结合混合SUMT法对模型进行求解;根据电加热集输管道的传热原理建立了管道传热的物理模型和数学模型,并用预估校正法对模型进行求解,可计算不同工况下的电加热集输管道的所需功率;建立了稳态条件下,电加热管道周围土壤温度场的物理模型和数学模型,采用有限差分法求解,可计算一年中任意一天某一深度处大地温度;以电加热集输管网初投资和运行费用最低为目标函数,建立枝状电加热集输管网设计参数优化模型,得出敖南油田电加热集输最佳保温层厚度为38mm,经济埋深为1.2m;以投资和运行费用最低为目标函数,建立了断块油田新增产能集输优化的数学模型,可确定新增产能合理集输方式、最佳卸油点位置、合理转输时机、各处理站关、停、并、转的最佳时机等;针对采油九厂地面工程存在的问题,结合优化软件,提出了集输调整措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Among the oil field construction investment, surface engineering cost occupies 30%~40% of the entire developing investment at oil field, and it occupies 60%~70% of the gas field investment. Generally speaking, the quantity of construction engineering and investment of both oil-gas gathering and transportation system and disposal system occupies 60%~70% of the whole surface engineering. The cost of gathering and transportation system and management system occupies 30%~40% of the entire crude oil production cost, thereinto the gathering and transportation cost occupies 60%~80%, and 90%~97% of these energy cost is heat energy. Optimizing pipe net framework, reducing pipeline amount, optimizing gathering and transporting parameter, selecting reasonable gathering and transporting manner, accordingly realize low energy cost, low investment, high benefit and high level during the course of gathering and transportation.Combining the field practice demand, with minimum pipe net investment as target function, this paper establishes topology optimization mathematical model of ramiform and orbicular pipe net system, and according to the model structure character, adopts grades optimization method to resolve it. With minimum pipe net investment and running fare as target function, the paper establishes parameter optimization mathematical model of ramiform pipe net, and adopts POWELL combining mixed SUMT methods to resolve this model. According to diathermanous principle of gathering and transportation pipelines heated by electricity, the paper establishes physical and mathematical models of pipeline transporting heat, resolves the models by emendation estimated in advance, and then can calculate the needed power of gathering and transportation pipelines heated by electricity under different states. Under steady condition, the paper establishes physical and mathematical models of soil temperature field around pipelines heated by electricity, resolves them by limited difference method, and can work out the earth temperature at certain depth on each day in a year. With the lowest first investment of gathering and transportation pipe net heated by electricity and running cost as target function, the paper establishes the design parameter model of ramiform gathering and transportation pipe net heated by electricity, then woks out that the best heat preservation layer thickness of gathering and transportation heated by electricity in Aonan is 38mm and economic depth is 1.2m. With the lowest investment and running cost as target function, the paper establishes gathering and transportation optimization mathematical model of newly increased production at block fields, and can make sure reasonable gathering and transportation manner, the best offloading oil location, logical conversion transportation occasion, the best time of closure, halt, consolidation and transition at every disposal station. Aiming at subsistent problem of surface engineering at NO.9 production plant, this paper combines optimization software, and brings forward regulatory measures of gathering and transportation.更多还原