十九种植物的挥发油成分及部分生物活性研究

【作者】 高玉琼；

【导师】 赵德刚；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 农药学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 植物挥发油是广泛存在于植物体内的多组分化合物,是植物次生代谢产物,由于其化学组成的复杂性,成为目前植物化学成分及生物活性研究热点之一。贵州以其独特的地理特征、温和、湿润的气候,滋养着许多天然植物,全省药用植物占全国药材品种的80%,是中国主要中药材产区之一。特别是贵州地方少数民族药用植物资源,具有重要的研究和开发意义。本论文选用贵州少数民族用药姜科植物珊瑚姜、菊科植物艾纳香、萝藦科植物黑骨藤、蓼科植物头花蓼、海桐花科植物山栀茶,常用植物药材豆科植物鸡血藤及黄芪、木通科植物大血藤、百合科植物土茯苓、兰科植物环草石斛、桑寄生科植物槲寄生、蓝果树科植物喜树枝,龙胆科植物秦艽,伞形科植物独活、羌活,茜草科植物巴戟天,茄科植物转基因烟草等19个植物材料进行挥发油化学成分及部分生物活性研究。采用有机溶剂—水蒸汽蒸馏或超临界二氧化碳萃取技术,提取上述植物挥发性成分,采用气质联用分析技术,对提取植物挥发油样品的化学成分进行分离分析,确定其化学组成及化学结构。采用液体培养、琼脂培养及菌碟法对提取样品进行抗菌活性研究。利用浸叶和喷雾法对提取样品进行小菜蛾毒力作用研究。以小鼠、大鼠为实验动物,对由秦艽、独活、羌活、槲寄生、土茯苓、黄芪组成的中药复方制剂进行相关生物活性研究。获得结果如下:植物挥发油成分研究结果显示,共检出266个物质,包括萜类,有机酸、酯,芳香类,脂肪醛、酮,脂肪烃,脂肪醇,黄酮等化合物。珊瑚姜挥发油主要含桧烯,松油烯-4-醇,β-倍半水芹烯。艾纳香挥发油主要含芳樟醇,长叶烯,香橙烯,氧化石竹烯,β-蒎烯,β-石竹烯,L-樟脑,L-龙脑。黑骨藤挥发油主要含反式茴香脑,芳樟醇。头花蓼挥发油主要有1-辛烯-3-醇,2-己烯醛,γ-古芸烯,2-庚烯醛,壬醛。山栀茶挥发油主要含十二醛,1-十二醇,十二酸,十四醛。大血藤挥发油主要含δ-荜澄茄烯,α-杜松醇,δ-杜松醇,α-紫穗槐烯,α-枯杷烯。巴戟天挥发油主要含L-龙脑,α-姜烯,2-甲基-6-对甲基苯基-2-庚烯。土茯苓挥发油主要含棕榈酸,萜品烯-4-醇,亚油酸。环草石斛挥发油主要含壬醛,己醛,芳樟醇,β-蛇床烯,3-己烯醇,辛醛。槲寄生挥发油主要含柠檬烯,萜品烯-4-醇,芳姜黄酮,苯甲醛。喜树枝挥发油主要含4-松油醇,1-己醇,壬醛,棕榈酸,Betula。秦艽挥发性油主要有棕榈酸,棕榈酸乙酯。独活挥发油主要有β-水芹烯,α-蒎烯;羌活挥发油主要有α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯。黄芪挥发油主要含萜品烯-4-醇,棕榈酸,亚麻酸乙酯,棕榈酸乙酯,油酸,油酸乙酯。广西鸡血藤与贵州鸡血藤含有27种相同成分。对转EuFPS基因烟草挥发性成分研究结果显示,转基因烟草挥发油成分中检出癸醛和1,13-十四二烯,对照未检出此两种物质,表明EuFPS基因对烟草体内次生代谢产物的合成具有一定影响。研究结果为中药材的质量控制、深度研究以及转基因植物研究奠定了一定的基础。通过对挥发油样品初步抗菌及抗虫试验筛选,选择了珊瑚姜、艾纳香挥发油进行MIC、EC₅₀及LC₅₀的测定,结果珊瑚姜挥发油对嗜水气单胞菌的MIC为4160μl/L;小麦赤霉病菌的回归方程为Y=3.7940X—4.0832（r=0.9705）,EC₅₀为247.80 mg/L;水稻稻瘟病菌的回归方程为Y=1.1651X+2.6716（r=0.9090）,EC₅₀为99.64 mg/L;水稻纹枯病菌的回归方程为Y=1.2878X+2.3909（r=0.9964）,EC₅₀为106.16 mg/L;对小菜蛾72h的LC₅₀为4274 mg/L。艾纳香油对嗜水气单胞菌的MIC 2080μl/L;小麦赤霉病菌的回归方程为Y=2.7417 X—2.3149（r=0.9850）,EC₅₀为465.60 mg/L;水稻稻瘟病菌的回归方程为Y=2.3021 X—0.2715（r=0.9636）,EC₅₀为194.92 mg/L;对小菜蛾72h的LC₅₀为4107 mg/L。结果表明珊瑚姜和艾纳香挥发油对水稻稻瘟、水稻纹枯、小麦赤霉病菌、嗜水气单胞菌及小菜蛾具有一定的毒力作用,珊瑚姜和艾纳香是贵州少数民族用药材,药用资源丰富,显示了较好的应用开发前景。对中药复方制剂生物活性研究结果显示,该制剂具有抗炎镇痛作用,并能降低模型小鼠的血尿酸水平;长期毒性试验结果显示,用药安全。为该制剂的进一步研究提供参考数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In plants there are many secondary substances called volatile oils,whose chemical composition and biological activities is one of the important fields because of their physiological functions.This paper reports both the chemical composition and biological activities of volatile oils and the biological activities of complex medicine made of Gentianae Macrophyllae,Angelica Pubescens,Notopterygium incisum,Herba viscid,Smilacis Glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus.The volatile oils are from typical Guizhou minority medicine like Zingiber corallinum,Blumea balsamifera,Periploca forrestii,Herba Polygoni Capitati, Radix pittospori and other plants as Caulis sargentodoxae,Caulis spatholob,Morinda officinalis,Smilax glabra,Dendrobium Loddigesii,Herba visci,Camptotheca acuminate, Gentiana macrophylla,Angelica Pubescens,Notopterygium incisum,Astragalus membranaceus as well as transgenic tobaccos.The volatile oils,analyzed by GC-MS and identified with their mass spectra,were obtained by steam distillation with hexane or supercritical CO₂ extraction.The relative percentage of the oil constituents was calculated from the GC peak areas,whose antibacterial activities were studied by the liquid cultivation and the agar culture method while the toxicity to Plutella xylostella was measured by spraying method and leaf dipping method.As for the biological activities of complex medicine,it was tested with mice.The results of the research are:The most components from volatile oils were Terpinen-4-ol,Sabinene,β-Sesquiphellandrene in the oil of Zingiber corallinum;L-Borneol,Linalool,Longifolene, Alloaromadendrene,Caryophyllene oxid,β-Pinene,β-Caryophyllene,L-Camphor in Blumea balsamifera;E-anethole,linalool methyl chavicol in Periploca forrestii schltr;1-Octen-3-ol, 2-Hexenalγ-Gurjunene,（E）-2-Heptenal,Nonanal in Herba Polygoni Capitati;dodecanal, 1-dodecanol,dodecanoic acid,tetradecanal in Radix pittospori;δ-cadinen,α-cadinol,δ-cadinol,α-muurolene,α-copaene in Caulis sargentodoxae;L-Borneol,α-Zingiberene,Ar-Curcumene in Morinda officinalis;Nonanal,Hexanal,Linalool,β-Selinene,3-Hexen-1-ol,Octanal in Dendrobium Loddigesii;Palmitic acid,Terpinen-4-ol,Linoleic acid in Smilax glabra; Limonene,Terpinene-4-ol,AR-Tumerone,Benzaldehyde in Herba viscid;4-Terpineol, 1-Hexanol,Nonanal,Palmitic acid,Betula in Camptotheca acuminate;Palmitic acid,Ethyl palmitate in Gentiana macrophylla;β-Phellandrene,α-Pinene in Angelica Pubescens; α-Pinene,β-Pinene in Notopterygium incisum;Terpinen-4-ol,Palmitic acid,Ethyl linoleate, Ethyl palmitate,Oleic acid,Ethyl oleate in Astragalus membranaceus.Besides,in two kinds of volatile oils from GUIZHOU Caulis spatholobi and GUANXI Caulis spatholobi there were twenty-seven same substances.In the volatile oil of transgenic tobacco,two substances like Decanal and 1,13-Tetradecadiene were identified,which indicated that the metabolism of plant could be controlled by gene engineering.The antibacterial activities of volatile oils from Zingiber corallinum and Blumea balsamifera showed that Zingibe corallinum oil were MIC 4160μl/L to Aeromonas hydrophila,EC₅₀ 247.80 mg/L（Y=3.7940X-4.0832,r=0.9705） to Fusarium graminearum, EC₅₀ 99.64mg/L（Y=2.6716+1.1651X,r=0.9090） to Magnaporthe grisea and EC₅₀ 106.16mg/L（Y=2.3909+1.2878X,r=0.9964） to Thanatephorus cucumeris;That of Blumea balsamifera oil were MIC 2080μl/L to Aeromonas hydrophila,EC₅₀ 465.60 mg/L （Y=2.7417X-2.3149,r=0.9850） to Fusarium graminearum,EC₅₀ 194.92 mg/L （Y=2.3021X-0.2715,r=0.9636） to Magnaporthe grisea.Zingibe corallinum oil’s LC₅₀ （the toxicity to Plutella xylostella） was 4274 mg/L while Blumea balsamifera oil’s LC₅₀ was 4107mg/L（72h）.It showed good development in use.As for the complex medicine,whose toxicity tests suggested safe,could inhibit producing uric acid and the pain of mice caused by acetic acid and heat.It also could prevent gouty arthritis.更多还原