【作者】 乔荣锋；

【导师】 张安录；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 农地资源是农业生产乃至国民经济可持续发展的基础资源,对生态环境和社会稳定具有重要影响。近年来,随着工业化和城镇化进程加快,对农地资源的需求日益加剧,大量农地特别是耕地转变为建设用地,非农建设用地扩张迅速,区域生态环境和粮食安全受到威胁,农村征地问题突出,农地城市流转已成为全社会关注的焦点。合理调控农地城市流转进程,对保障我国粮食安全和生态安全,维护社会稳定,调控宏观经济,促进城乡统筹和经济与社会可持续发展具有重大现实意义。论文以系统论、控制论和相关经济理论为基础,按照以下思路展开研究。首先,分析我国农地城市流转的现状和管控体系。其次,研究农地城市流转导致的经济、生态和社会效益变化,确立合理的流转管控目标,并根据农地城市流转过程建立管控系统框架。随后分析和讨论农地城市流转管控系统的四大组成部分:城市土地供给和需求调控,农地城市流转收益分配调控,农地城市流转制度管控和农地城市流转决策指标调控,最后是研究结论与讨论。对农地城市流转管控系统目标,首先明确其核心是促使农地城市流转后区域总体福利水平增加。在实践中,区域总体福利水平可采用流转农地的经济价值、生态价值和社会价值总和来衡量。当流转农地价值大于保留农地价值时,则可流转,否则应保护农地,这也成为制定流转决策的价值依据。管控系统的具体目标由四部分组成:一是合理调节城市土地市场供需状况,二是建立合理的农地城市流转收益分配制度,三是优化管控组织结构,四是制定合理的流转数量、时间和空间决策。研究上述四大具体管控目标,便成为管控系统框架四大组成部分。(一)城市土地市场供给和需求调控。通过建立控制模型和概念模型,分别研究城市土地市场的供给和需求调控。研究表明,应该合理选择土地直接出让水平、储备土地出让水平和土地收回水平。其次,城市土地供给控制的关键在于对农地城市流转控制。再次,城市土地供给不仅和当期征地和存量土地有关,且跟直接出让土地、储备土地和收回土地都有关。对城市消费性土地需求应尽量给予满足,对于投资性城市土地需求可采用多种手段调节该类用地收益水平予以控制,同时,应集约节约使用城市土地,尽量减少新增建设用地的使用,以减轻农地城市流转压力。(二)农地城市流转收益分配调控。建立农地城市流转过程中相关权利主体收益的博弈模型,得到以下研究结论。首先,应合理确定征地补偿价格和土地交易价格,且两者差额也应控制在合理范围。这两个价格及其相互关系是为了形成土地收益在地方政府和开发商之间合理的收益分配,从而使得土地流转收益分配与土地流转宏观调控相协调,保证农地城市流转合理有序进行。对土地交易价格而言,也有其合理的价格区间范围。土地交易价格不能超出收益与成本价格之差,其最小值由流转农地单位面积收益、开发商单位面积成本及隐性流转罚金决定。流转利益分配的管控是一项系统工程,应综合考虑各控制指标,如土地补偿价格、土地征收价格、土地违法流转查处力度、土地处罚额度、政府和开发商的土地交易成本等。(三)农地城市流转制度管控。文中主要讨论农地城市流转管控组织制度和其它具体管控制度。根据控制模型,土地流转管控闭环控制系统对扰动的控制要优于开环控制,并对地方政府的输出扰动管控更加有效。其次,从管控系统的输出效率来看,开环控制系统要优于闭环控制系统。作为土地流转管控的反馈控制机构,土地督查部门应加强自身建设,保持管控独立性,强化管控作用。为提高系统的管控效率,应着重提高省市级土地流转管控部门的效率。从规划管控和土地用途管制制度来看,土地用途管制在保护区域生态和粮食安全的同时,对于城乡结合部农村集体土地发展权价值处理还是空白,并可能造成开发商寻租活动。对具体用地项目,应着重处理好建设项目审批与农转用审批的关系,并结合信息技术加强管理。(四)农地城市流转决策管控。对于农地城市流转管控决策,文中主要分析农地城市流转的时间、空间和数量决策,并以洪山区为例进行实证分析。对于农地流转数量决策,应综合考虑一定时期内粮食安全和城市发展用地需求及流转前后效益变化约束。对于流转时间决策,时间次优决策更具可行性,且可降低错误决策风险。对于流转的空间决策,主要采用信息技术和计量经济方法,计算区域内地块流转概率,根据不同类型的空间区域制定合理的管控策略。研究结论显示,农地城市流转的空间控制关键在于农地城市流转概率计算。在获取流转概率后,政府应根据农地用途的适宜性,从空间上划分合理的农地城市流转管控区域。更多还原

【Abstract】 The agricultural land resource is the basement of the agricultural production and sustainable development of national economy, which has the profound effect on the entironment and social stability. Since Reform and Opening-up, with the swift process of the industrialization and urbanization in China, the demand of agricultural land increases progressively and plenty of which has been converted to construction land constantly.Whereafter,the urban build-up area sprawls evidently, and the entironment and grain safety are all confronted with tempestuous threat. Nay, in rural-urban area land requisition triggers more conflicts. Therefore, the rural-urban land conversion is focus by the whole nation. Upon that controlling the agricultural land conversion rationally is the absolutely necessary means to guarantee the grain safety and eco-security, maintenance the social stability, adjust macroeconomic, promote the sustainable urban-rural integrated development.Using the cybernetics, system theory and economic theory, the study firstly analyzed the domestic actuality of the rural-urban land conversion and its management and control system. Secondly, the economic value, ecosystem value and social value change after conversion had been discussed and then the reasonable management and control target. Subsequently simulating the conversion control process, this paper built up the management and control frame of rural-urban land conversion. And then the four parts of the management and control frame was lucubrated, which were the urban supply and demand control, the conversion benefit allocation control, the conversion institution control and conversion decision index control.The core aim of the rural-urban land conversion is that the total welfare of region should be raised after it happened. It could be considered that the total welfare was made up of all the economic value, ecosystem value and social value of the transferred agricultural land. If the total welfare would be increased after conversion, the parcel should be developed, or protected conversely. The concrete aim of land transformation accordingly divides into four parts: rational adjustment 1) on urban land supply and demand; 2) benefit distribution among the related involver; 3) controlling institution; 4) decision on conversion quantity, time and location.( i) urban land supply and demand control. Using the controlling model and conception model, the thesis concludes that government should select the appropriate level of the directly transferred land, storing land and redemptory land in the first. Then it should know that the key to land supply control is the rural-urban land conversion control which is tightly related with both current requisite and storing land, also with the previous and the future. According to the land demand control, governors should satisfy the consumptive land demand and strictly restrain the investment land demand by adjusting its land use charge, and try their best to save on urban construction land for decreasing the agricultural land conversion pressure.(ii) conversion benefits distribution control. Based on the game theory model, the study infers that the requisition price and transaction price should be logically determined by government. Restriction on these two kinds of price could coordinate the benefit between government and developers. With regard to the transaction price, it should not overstep the net benefit of the parcel, and it’s minimal rested with the development benefit and cost, and illegal conversion fine. Conversion benefit allocation is a system project, so the land compensation price, requisition price, illegal conversion disposal and transaction cost should all be considered.(iii) controlling institution of agricultural land conversion. The controlling institution composes of two parts, the organization structure institution and other concrete control institution. Depending on the cybernetics, the author concludes that the close loop control of agricultural land conversion has more effect and less efficiency than the open loop on the local government disturbance. As the feedback control organization, the land supervision and inspection bureau should maintain the independence of superintendence, and pay more attention on the efficiency of higher land management organ.Considering the planning control and the land use control, the latter has nothing to do with the development value of collective land in the rural-urban fringe during the protection of regional eco-security and grain security, and may lead to the developer rent-seeking activities. Regarding the land development project, government should be supposed to process the relationship of construction examination and the agricultural land conversion emphatically, and unifies the information technology to strengthen its management.(iv) agricultural land conversion decision-making control. Considering the conversion decision-making, the thesis has analyzed the time, the spatial and quantity decision thoroughly, and conducts the empirical study on the Hongshan district in Wuhan.To the quantity decision-making, governors should in overall evaluate the grain and other food security demand, the urban development demand, the benefit change through in some time. To the time decision-making, a suboptimal decision-making is more feasible, and may reduce the erroneous decision risk. To the spatial decision-making, the information technology and econometric method is used to calculate the parcel conversion probability which was the basis of establishing a reasonable spatial control strategy. The research indicates that the key to control the land conversion is the calculation of conversion probability. After obtaining it the government can make the conversion control zoning plan based on the agricultural land use suitability.更多还原