【作者】 杨平；

【导师】 易法海；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业贸易与农村金融管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 农产品现代物流服务体系是农产品流通现代化建设的重要内容和新时期我国农产品流通研究的重要领域之一,对发展现代农业具有重要的战略意义。湖北是农业大省,农产品生产规模大,且已经形成优势农产品产业带。建设湖北农产品现代物流体系将有助于实现湖北农业的产业化和市场化,推动全省经济发展。国内学者围绕农产品物流这一问题,已经做了大量的研究,并取得了一些显著的成果。但是由于农产品物流理论框架的不完善,这些研究总体上不够系统和深入。深化这方面的研究,需要从农产品现代物流体系及其运行入手,结合不同地区实际情况做系统和深入的分析。本文借鉴农产品物流领域的已有成果,结合物流、供应链的前沿理论,提出了“基于供应链的农产品物流服务体系”的概念,分析了其本质特征、构成要素、基本类型和主要功能;然后通过对湖北地区的实地调查和相关统计数据的分析,提出了“湖北农产品供应链物流服务体系”的优化路径。同时运用博弈论研究方法对湖北农产品物流主体的联合与合作进行重点研究。最后分析了湖北农产品供应链物流服务体系的经济效应。相关研究的主要结论如下:1.农产品供应链物流服务体系的理论框架。农产品供应链物流服务体系的本质特征是集成化、制度化、一体化和信息化,一般由农产品物流需求方、农产品物流供给方、农产品物流节点和农产品物流功能构成。由于不同农产品的流通渠道不同,主要可分为直销型、批发市场型、物流中心型和配送中心型;按照农产品供应链主导方的不同,又可以分为农产品行业协会型、龙头企业型和连锁超市型。农产品供应链物流服务体系将发挥农产品价值实现、价值增值、流通增效和农产品市场供求调节等功能。2.湖北农产品物流业发展现状。通过大量的统计资料分析以及相关的实际调查表明,湖北农产品物流业发展过程中既出现了一些积极因素,也存在着一系列的问题。当前湖北农产品物流业总体呈现出基础设施不断改善、农产品物流需求不断增加、农产品第三方物流企业从无到有、农产品现代物流模式破土萌芽的格局。也存在着农产品物流主体分散经营、物流节点布局不合理、农产品物流技术设备和管理方式落后以及农产品物流功能活动不完善等主要问题。3.湖北农产品物流服务体系结构的优化路径。湖北农产品物流服务体系结构优化主要包括农产品供应链结构优化、农产品物流供给主体结构优化、农产品物流节点结构优化和农产品物流功能结构优化。首先,不同性质的农产品对应有不同的农产品供应链结构。根据本文设计的农产品供应链优化原理以及湖北主要农产品的实际情况,湖北大田农产品供应链应由农产品行业协会、龙头企业、批发商和零售商构成,生鲜农产品应实行“相机供应链”,加工农产品则对应着一般工业品供应链结构;其次,湖北农产品物流供给主体即农产品物流企业应该实行“联合与合作”的优化模式,发展农产品集成物流和农产品供应链物流。这一问题将在下一章做专门研究。第三,日本、韩国、中国台湾等国家和地区的经验以及湖北农产品批发市场实际调查结果表明,湖北农产品批发市场应该进行“四层次、两类型”的优化布局,农产品配送中心则应该建立起“销地市场配送网络系统”。第四,农产品物流功能活动结构包括运输、储存、装卸搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等活动,当前应该重点发展农产品包装、流通加工等物流增值活动。4.湖北农产品物流主体的“联合与合作”。两个完全信息的动态博弈模型分析结论表明,由于农产品供应链和集成物流商在“联合与合作”过程中的得益以及得益变动具有较大的不确定性,因此,影响农产品物流主体联合与合作的因素较多,且影响机理复杂,进而影响到整个农产品物流服务体系的运行。结论表明,这些影响因素主要包括农产品物流企业的经营成本、农产品供应链主体物流量、农产品时效性、农产品物流资产专用化程度、农产品物流价格控制权、第三方介入以及谈判消耗系数等。这些因素在不同机理作用下,既可能促进农产品物流主体的“联合与合作”,也可能破坏农产品物流主体的“联合与合作”。通过对不同影响机理的分析,本文认为,湖北地区应该采取降低农产品物流企业经营成本、加快农产品供应链主体规模经营、建立相应的契约机制、信任机制和提高农产品物流市场集中度等策略促进湖北农产品物流主体的“联合与合作”5.湖北农产品物流服务体系优化的经济效应。主要分析了四个方面的效应。一是产业经济效应。主要包括规模经济效应、范围经济效应、速度经济效应以及共生经济效应。二是市场结构效应。本文通过构建一个完全信息的静态博弈模型发现,基于供应链的湖北农产品物流服务体系可以提高农产品市场和农产品物流市场的集中度,改善当前的农产品市场和农产品物流市场过度竞争状况。第三是农业经济增长的带动效应。本文通过构建一个简单的局部均衡模型发现,农产品物流是否能够促进农业经济增长主要取决于农产品的价格弹性以及农产品物流成本降低和加工增值的幅度对比。在农产品普遍缺乏价格弹性的条件下,当农产品物流加工增值幅度超过农产品物流成本降低幅度时,农产品物流服务体系对农业经济增长具有明显的带动效应。四是区域经济的“极化效应和扩散效应”。6.推进湖北农产品现代物流服务体系建设的建议。以上研究结论表明,发展现代农产品物流服务体系是湖北地区农产品物流业发展的主要方向。政府和企业要从加大资金投入、加快农业发展、整合物流资源、推行绿色物流、重视人才培养、健全法律法规等方面出发,改善农产品物流基础设施条件、推进农产品标准化生产、加快农产品物流服务企业联合与合作、提高农产品物流服务质量、建立物流业人才队伍、加强物流市场管理。最终推进湖北农产品物流服务体系的现代化建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 The modern agricultural products logistics service system is an important content of the agricultural products marketing modernization and field of agricultural products marketing study,and it has a strategic significance to the development of the modern agriculture.Hubei is a big agricultural province of China with great production and its own dominant products line.The development of the modern agricultural products logistics service system lends itself to the industrialization and market direction of Hubei agriculture and promotes the provincial economy.In this field,Chinese scholars have made a lot of studies with number of fruits.But owing to the faultiness of the agricultural products logistics theory support,these researches are mostly not systematic and in-depth. In order to deepen this field,it needs to make a systematic and in-depth study about the agricultural products logistics system and its running under the actualities of different areas.Using the former study of agricultural products logistics and the up to date theory of logistics and supply chain for reference,this essay argued a "supply chain based agricultural products logistics system" and introduced the basic characteristics,composing factors,types and main functions。Following this part,this essay evaluates the actuality of Hubei agricultural products logistics by questionnaires and statistical data.With the former two parts of theory and actuality,we put forward an optimization path of Hubei agricultural logistics service system and made a gaming between the agricultural products supply chain and integrated logistics enterprise.At last,this paper made an analysis about the economic effectives of the optimized logistics service system and proposed the strategies to the development of the Hubei agricultural products logistics system with the whole above studies.This assay contains the main studies as following:1.The theory of agricultural products supply chain logistics service system.The agricultural products logistics service system is in corporational,institutional,international and informational and basically is made up of agricultural products logistics demander, supplier,and logistics nodes and logistics activities.According to the different logistics nodes of different products,there are different types of agricultural products logistics service system including direct marketing,wholesale market,logistics center and distribution center;and according to different supply chain leaders,there are different types of agricultural products association,leading enterprise,and chain supermarket.At last,the main functions of the agricultural products logistics service system are achieving the products value,value-adding,marketing efficiency-adding and accommodating the agricultural products market.2.The actuality of Hubei agricultural products logistics industry.This part finds out the actuality and main problems of Hubei agricultural products logistics industry by questionnaires and statistical data.The actualities include that the establishment is improved increasingly,the agricultural products logistics demand is increasing,the third party logistics enterprises are coming out and the modern logistics modes of agricultural products are budding.But there are still a lot of problems include that decentralized logistics parties,unreasonable layout of logistics nodes,lagging technologies and management of agricultural products logistics and the faultiness agricultural products logistics activities.3.The optimization path of the Hubei agricultural products logistics service system structure.The optimization includes four steps of agricultural products supply chain structure,logistics supplier structure,logistics nodes structure and logistics activities structure.Firstly,different products have different supply chains.According to the optimization thought,the farm field products supply chain is made up of agricultural products association,leading enterprise,wholesaler and detailer;the fresh products supply chain is "alternative supply chain";and the processed products should take the normal supply chain.Secondly,this essay argues a model of "union and corporation" which need the development of agricultural products integration logistics and supply chain logistics. This point will be more studied in the following chapter.The third step is to optimize the logistics channel nodes,in which the layout of agricultural products wholesale market and distribution center is significantly studied.The experiences of Japan,South Korea and Chinese Taiwan and the actuality of the wholesale market and distribution in Hubei tell us that we should take a method of "four levels,two types" to optimize the agricultural products wholesale market and a method of "city distribution system" to optimize the Hubei agricultural products distribution center.The last step is to optimize the logistics activities.The logistics activities include the necessary activities of transportation,storage, package,load and unload,distribution,marketing process and information dealing,in which we should greatly develop the package and marketing process for value-adding of agricultural products.4.The "union and corporation" between the agricultural products logistics parties for Hubei.Two dynamic game model of perfect information of the integration logistics enterprise and agricultural products supply chain tell us that owing to the profit and profit change,there are a lot of complex factors influencing the "union and corporation",.Consequently,they influence the running of the agricultural products logistics system.By these two game models,we find the following factors:the cost of logistics enterprise,supply chain logistics amount,betimes,specialization of the logistics asset,price control right,third party interposition and negotiation discount coefficient.At one side,these factors can be the achieving conditions of the "union and corporation";and at another side,these factors can be breaking conditions of "union and corporation".So, we should take the strategies of decreasing logistics cost,increasing the supply chain scale, building contract mechanism,trust mechanism and increasing logistics market centralization degree to accelerate the corporation relationship of logistics parties.5.The economic effectives of Hubei agricultural products logistics service system optimization.Firstly,the optimization will have industry economic effectivess, including scale economic effectivess,scope economic effectives,speed economic effectives and symbiosis economic effectives.Secondly,the optimization will have market structure effectivess.In this part,a static game model of perfect information tells us that the supply chain based agricultural products logistics service system can enhance the market centralization degree of agricultural products market and logistics market.,and it can reduce the over-competition of the two markets.Thirdly,the optimization can have economic development effectives.A simple economics model finds that the price elasticity, logistics cost decreasing degree and value-adding degree of agricultural products decide that if the agricultural products logistics have economic effectives.With the premise of absent price elasticity of most agricultural products,and if the value-adding degree exceeds the logistics cost decreasing degree,the agricultural economy of Huber will be improved.At last,the supply chain based agricultural products logistics system will have polarization and pervasion effectivess to the regional economy of Hubei.6.Conclusions and proposals.The above study shows that the supply chain based agricultural products logistics system is a main direction of Hubei agricultural products logistics.The government and corporations should take the following strategies to accelerate the Hubei agricultural products logistics service system.Firstly,there should be more financial support to improve the establishments of logistics;secondly,the agriculture should be accelerated to reach the standardization of agricultural production;thirdly,the logistics resources should be integrated to accelerate the "union and corporation" of agricultural products logistics service parties;fourthly,the green logistics will enhance the logistics quality;fifthly,the well educated employees are good for agricultural products logistics service system;at last,we should have proper laws and institutions to manage the agricultural products logistics market.更多还原