【作者】 刘文；

【导师】 王红玲；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 2007年“一号文件”强调指出,发展现代农业是社会主义新农村建设的首要任务。文件对现代农业的定义为:用现代的物质条件装备农业,用现代科学技术改造农业,用现代产业体系提升农业,用现代经营形式推进农业,用现代发展理念引领农业,用培养新型农民发展农业,提高农业水利化、机械化和信息化水平,提高土地产出率、资源利用率和农业劳动生产率,提高农民素质、效益和竞争力。可见,建设现代农业是一个复杂的系统工程,需要从政策、科技、装备和人才等各个方面强化支撑。其中,设施装备是农业系统的基石,是现代农业的主要支撑。也就是说,要建设现代农业,没有什么比广博的农业基础设施建设显得更为重要。然而,我国目前的农业基础设施存在着投入严重不足、布局不尽合理、管理效率低下等诸多问题,远远不能满足现代农业发展的需要,成为制约我国农业经济发展的瓶颈。可以说,我国农村经济社会发展中所出现的问题,与农业基础设施建设投入不足、建设失当、管理失效存在很大的关系。因而探讨农业基础设施建设与管理问题是推动我国农业经济发展的一个迫切的重要课题。首先,文章对农业基础设施的概念、内容、基本的经济特征等进行阐述。其次,对农业基础设施投资的作用、我国农业基础设施发展的现状及存在的问题进行深入分析,提出充分发挥财政投入的调控和引导作用、切实推进投资主体多元化和方式多样化是解决我国农业基础设施建设问题的关键。再次,文章针对不同的投资主体在我国农业基础设施子系统内部不同技术经济特征的农业基础设施上如何优化投资、提高效率进行了深入的探讨。(1)从公共部门角度来看,通过一系列的指标分析比较得出,中央政府和地方政府对农业基础设施投入的绝对规模都在增加,但相对规模普遍偏小,而且今后很长一段时期内都很难有大的提升;政府对农业基础设施的投入结构也不尽合理,不能充分发挥各项目的作用机制,农业基础设施体系的整体效益欠佳。理论结合实际对政府财政投入农业基础设施建设的各种方式进行了系统的分析,并简单比较了各种方式的资金带动效应。结合当前财政投入方式存在的方式单一、财政包袱重的缺陷,提出政府应当在现有投入方式基础上,加强财政担保、财政参股、财政贴息、税收优惠等资金带动效应大的投入方式的应用,既能缓解财政压力,又能最大限度地吸引私人部门的资金投入农业基础设施领域。(2)从私人部门角度分析,投资农业基础设施的能力非常强,但私人部门介入农业基础设施领域的现状不容乐观,关键在于政府财政的引导调控不到位,财政支持方式单一。(3)要加强公私部门之间的互动,针对不同的私人部门投资主体,选用最适宜的财政引导方式或方式组合,并完善相关法律、制度和机制,以多元多层次多样化协调发展模式实现农业基础设施投资充足与投资资本高效、增值的“双赢”。最后,文章对我国农业基础设施管护问题进行了系统分析。对于农业基础设施,建设是基础,管理是关键,效益是根本。通过对现实中的各种管护模式进行盘点归类,认为管护效率依集权管护、私人管护、参与管护、自主管护逐级提升,农业基础设施的管护应该趋向于选择应用参与管护和自主管护制度,并对现行各种运行管护模式进行了比较分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 The NO.1 Document of 2007 emphasized that to develop modern agriculture is the chief mission in the construction of socialism new country. Seen from the definition of modern agriculture, modern agriculture construction is a piece of complicated system engineering. It needs to strengthen support with policy, science and technology, equipment, person with abilities, and so on. Establishment is foundation in the agriculture system and the chief support of modern agriculture. In other words, it is no more important than spatious agricultural infrastructure. However, the current situation of agricultural infrastcuture is deficient investment, irrational structure, inefficient management, and so on. The agricultural infrastructure system cannot keep up with the development of modern agriculture greatly. It has been the bottle-neck of agricultural economic development in China.The problems in the process of the economic and social development in rural area are greatly related to deficient investment, improper construction and inefficient management of agricultural infrastructure. Therefore, to have a synthetical research on the construction and management of agricultural infrastructure is an urgent and important question for discussion to impel the development of agricultural economy in China.Firstly, the paper expounded the concept, the content and the basic economic characteristics of agricultural infrastructure.Then, the paper gave a deep research on the functions and the current situation and problems of China’s agricultural infrastructure development, and put forward that to exert the regulation and direction of financial devotion adequately and to push the multiplication of investment subjects faithfully are the keys to solve the problems in agricultural infrastructure construction.Thirdly, the paper gave a further discussion on how to optimize the investment modes of different subjects in agricultural infrastructure construction. (1) For the public parts, the absolute investment scale of central government and local government has been increasing, but the comparative scale is too low and is hard to increase in a long time. The structure of governmental investment is irrational. The whole effect of agricultural infrastructure system is not satisfying. The paper systematically analyzed the fiscal support modes in agricultural infrastructure and compared their driving effects of capital simply. By reason of the limitation of current support modes, the paper put forward that the government should strengthen the support modes of high capital driving effect such as financial guarantee, financial share, financial discount, tax expenditure. It can alleviate fiscal burden and can also attract the private capital farthest (2) For the private parts, the ability to invest in agricultural infrastructure is very strong. However, the current situation of private investment is disappointed. The reasons are deficient guidance and excessively simple modes of fiscal support (3) The interaction between the public part and the private part is very important To different investment subject, the government should choose the most feasible mode or mode combination. Also, the government should perfect the related laws, institutions and mechanisms. By the harmonious development mode, it can make the adequate investment in agricultural infrastructure and capital increment of all parts true at the same time.Lastly, the paper synthetically analyzed the problem of management and maintenance in China’s agricultural infrastructure. For agricultural infrastructure, construction is the foundation, management is the linchpin. The paper classified the current institutions of management and maintenance of agricultural infrastructure. It is considered that the efficiency of management and maintenance increases in turn of centralized management, privately owned management participated management and self-determination management. Considering the characteristics of agricultural infrastructure and the background of socialism marketing economy, the superior choice is participated management and self-determination management Lastly, the paper gave a comparative analysis on current various modes of management and maintenance.更多还原