【作者】 张霞；

【导师】 蔡根女；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 产业集群已经成为一种世界性的经济现象,它是大量的相关企业按照一定的经济联系集中在特定的地域范围,形成一个类似生物有机体系统的产业群落。产业集群可以通过多种途径,如降低成本、刺激创新、提高效率、促进竞争等,形成一种集群竞争力,这种竞争力是非集群和集群外企业所无法拥有的。全球经济范围内的国际和区域竞争甚至已经演变成产业集群的竞争,因此,为了保持在国际竞争中的优势,更多国家的政府将对经济的发展规划转移到地区集群上来。当前我国正面临着经济转型和融入全球经济体系的进程中,产业集群是一种重要的区域经济发展模式。我国是农业大国,“三农”问题仍然较为突出,是制约我国经济发展的瓶颈。农产品加工是我国解决农业、农村、农民问题的一个亮点,传统农业需要农产品加工业的介入而实现现代化。目前我国农产品加工业的集群化发展趋势日益明显,有些地区已经形成了一批优势农产品加工产业集群和特色鲜明的加工基地,有效缓解了集群地区的“三农”问题。但从总体来说,集群发展规模小、竞争力不强、环境恶化等问题仍然存在,集群的可持续发展受阻。因此,如何发展农产品加工产业集群,如何引导集群的形成,如何促进其发展壮大,如何增强其可持续发展的能力,成为一个重要的研究课题。本文以农产品加工产业集群为研究对象,以我国农产品加工业的年鉴统计数据和对湖北省农产品加工产业集群的走访调查为依托,采用规范研究与实证研究相结合的方法,结合大量产业集群发展实例,按照农产品加工产业集群“形成、成长、可持续发展”的思路展开。研究的主要成果如下:第一,结合浙江和湖北农产品加工产业集群的发展案例,对我国农产品加工产业集群的发展历程、现状及问题进行分析,表明我国农产品加工业集群化、规模化趋势明显;其集群发展主要通过工业园区、农产品加工示范基地、小企业创业基地、农产品加工专业村镇等载体形式来实现;农产品加工产业集群发展可以有效缓解集群区域的“三农”问题,促进新农村建设。第二,结合案例分析,对农产品加工产业集群的形成动因进行求证。运用产业集中度、市场集中度、区位商等指标,对我国农产品加工产业的集聚程度进行测算,结果证实其集聚程度加大;并以我国农产品加工行业的集聚度为因变量,运用统计数据和多元回归、典型相关方法对促使其集聚的驱动因素进行实证分析,证实农产品加工产业集群的形成与发展受到自然、经济、社会等诸多因素的影响,包括对外开放、外商直接投资、政府适当干预、人均GDP、地理区位和人力资本等驱动因子。从而为创造条件引导农产品加工产业的集聚化、集群化发展,培育农产品加工产业集群提供理论参考。第三,结合案例分析,对农产品加工产业集群的成长机理进行求证。一是阐述农业产业链与农产品加工产业集群的内在关系;二是分析目前我国农产品加工产业集群中的产业链分布现状及问题;即集群中产业链短链、断链、孤环等现象普遍存在,从而产业链优化成为必要。三是提出产业链优化管理方式和实现途径。借鉴前人的研究成果,提出产业链优化方式为产业链的接通、延伸和整合,其实现途径是通过产业链招商、企业外包业务、鼓励农民创业、引导中小企业为大企业配套生产等。第四,结合案例分析,对农产品加工产业集群的可持续发展进行求证。本文针对农产品加工产业集群发展的“生态瓶颈”问题,在阐述循环经济与农产品加工产业集群可持续发展的互动关系基础之上,按照循环经济理论“三种维度循环”原理,提出基于循环经济的农产品加工产业集群可持续发展路径,即企业层面的“点”式循环、集群层面的“面”式循环和社会系统的“体”式循环等三种方式,并以武汉东西湖农产品加工产业集群的发展为例,以回答如何实现农产品加工产业集群的可持续发展问题。第五,结合产业集群自身发展需求和国外成功经验示范,本文从四个角度阐述产业集群发展中政府干预的必要性,及政府干预行为的表现形式,包括法律、法规、政策等形式,最后与前文的分析相结合,提出能有效促进农产品加工产业集群发展的思路和建议。即政府应适当作为,并分阶段、有侧重的对农产品加工产业集群进行扶持。通过对其形成的驱动因素的创造和完善,以引导农产品加工产业的集聚和集群;通过农业产业链的管理和优化,以促使农产品加工产业集群成长壮大;通过引入循环经济理念和企业生态化管理,以推动农产品加工产业集群可持续发展;同时应针对农产品加工业集群的特色,对农业发展、农民创业、乡镇企业提供扶持和服务,推动村镇农产品加工产业集群的形成和发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The industrial cluster has already become a worldwide economic phenomenon, which is massive related enterprises concentrated in a specific region scope according to certain economical relation, and formed industrial community similar to biology organism system. The industrial clusters have a kind of competitive power, which non-industrial cluster or enterprises outside the cluster don’t have, through many kinds of ways, such as: reducing cost, stimulating innovation, enhancing efficiency, accelerating competition and so on. The international and regional economical competition in the global scope even has already evolved the competition of industrial cluster. Therefore, in order to maintain international competition superiority, more and more national government will shift to the economical development plan to the local cluster. At present, our country is facing economy transferring and entering the global economic system, so industrial cluster is an important regional economic development pattern.Our country is a large agricultural nation, the "three-dimensional rural issues" was still prominent, which was bottleneck of restricting our country’s economic development. The agricultural products processing is a good way for our country to solve the agricultural, countryside and farmers problem; In order to realize modernization, the traditional agriculture needs the interposition of agricultural product processing industry. At present, the trend which our country’s agricultural product processing industry develop to industrial cluster increasingly and obviously; Some areas have already formed agricultural products processing industrial clusters and processing bases with obvious characteristics, which alleviated the cluster area’s "three-dimensional rural issues" effectively. While generally speaking, there still exists some problems such as: the cluster developing scale is small, competitive power is not strong, and environment problem is serious and so on, which restricted the cluster’s sustainable development. Therefore, it has become an important research topic that how to develop the agricultural products processing industrial cluster; how to accelerate clusters’ formation; how to promote it to be strong and how to strengthen its sustainable development ability.This paper takes the agricultural products processing industrial cluster as the study object, basing on our country’s agricultural product processing industry yearbook’s statistical data and investigation to the Hubei Province agricultural products processing industrial cluster, uses both standard research and empirical research method, combines with massive industrial cluster developing examples, develops according to the route of the agricultural products processing industrial cluster’s forms, growth and sustainable development .The main research achievements are as follows:Firstly, combining with agricultural products processing industrial cluster’s development case of Zhejiang and the Hubei province, this paper has analyzed the development process, present situation and existing problems of our country’s agricultural products processing industrial clusters, indicated that the tendency is obvious that our country agricultural product processing industry become to centralize and be large scale; The clusters realize mainly through forms such as: industrial park, agricultural products processing demonstration base, small business start undertaking base, agricultural products processing specialized villages and small towns and so on; The agricultural products processing industry cluster developing can alleviate the cluster region’s "three-dimensional rural issues" effectively, and promote the new rural reconstruction.Secondly, combining empirical analysis with the Hubei Luotian Chinese chestnut industry cluster’s case, it has tried to prove the dynamic reason for the agricultural products processing industry cluster’s formation. Using some indexes such as industrial concentration degree, market concentration degree, position business and so on, test the gathering degree of our country’s agricultural products processing industry and the result confirmed its gathering degree is enlarging; Then it takes our country’s agricultural products processing industry’s gathering degree as dependent variable, using the statistical data and multi-dimensional regression, and classical correlation method, analyzed the motivating factor which urges it gathers, confirmed that the agricultural products processing industrial cluster’s formation and development was influenced by many factors such as the nature, economy, society and so on, including other motivating factors such as: opening to the outside, foreign direct investment, government suitable intervention, average per person GDP, geography position and human capital, and so on.Thirdly, discusses the intrinsic relations between agricultural industrial chain and agricultural products processing industrial cluster; Analyzes the present situation and problem of our country’s agricultural products processing industrial cluster’s industrial chain distribution, namely, the phenomenon of short chain, stopped chain, orphaned link and so on, are popular in the clusters’ industrial chain, then analyzes its forming mechanism, so that optimizing the industrial chain become necessary. Using predecessor’s research results for reference, puts forward that the industrial chain connection, extending and integration are ways for the industrial chain optimization; its realization way is through industrial chain’s inviting businessmen to open companies, enterprise outside package of service, encouraging farmers to start an undertaking, leading small and medium-sized enterprise to provide necessary cooperation for the main item enterprises and so on.Fourthly, combining the case analysis, it tries to proof the agricultural products processing industrial cluster’s sustainable development. In view of the "ecological bottleneck" problem of agricultural products processing industrial cluster, this paper depend on the foundation of having elaborated interaction relations between circulation economy and the agricultural products processing industrial clusters’ sustainable development, according to the "three dimension circulations" principle of circulation economic theory, proposes agricultural three products processing industry cluster sustainable development ways based on the circulation economy, namely: the "spot type circulation" from the point of enterprise’s view; the "surface type circulation" from the point of cluster’s view; the "body type circulation" from the point of social system’s view. Then taking Wuhan East and West Lake agricultural products processing industrial cluster’s development as an example, it replies how to realize the agricultural products processing industrial cluster’s sustainable development.Fifthly, combining industrial cluster own development demand with the overseas success experience demonstration, this paper elaborated the necessity of the government intervening during the industrial cluster developing from four aspects, the behavior forms of the government intervening, including laws, regulations and policy and so on. Finally combines with the above mentioned analyses, puts forward some opinions and suggestions that can effectively promote the agricultural products processing industry cluster development. Namely: the government should take suitably measures, and support the agricultural products processing industrial cluster with different stage and stress. Through creating and perfecting the motivate factors which make it form, to guide the agricultural products processing industry gathering to be cluster; Through management and optimization of the agricultural industrial chain, to urge the agricultural products processing industrial cluster grow and strengthen; Through the introduction of circulation economical opinion and the enterprise ecology management, to impel the agricultural products processing industrial cluster sustainable development; At the same time, in view of the characteristic of agricultural product processing industry, government should provide support and service to agricultural development, farmers starting an undertaking, the rural enterprise, in order to impel the development of villages and small towns agricultural products processing industrial cluster.更多还原