【作者】 蔺爱国；

【导师】 张国忠；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 油气储运工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 应用物理化学处理、放射处理等技术,研发出了适用于油田含油污水精细处理的改性聚四氟乙烯滤膜。室内研究结果表明,改性聚四氟乙烯滤膜的流动电位稳定在-5 mV/KPa左右,膜面Zeta电位稳定在-20mV左右;膜表面带电特性对膜孔径及温度、流量等操作条件的依赖性不强。改性聚四氟乙烯膜表面带电,使膜具有更强的截留悬浮物颗粒的能力,并且膜的抗污染能力增强。分别以去离子水和油田含油污水为介质,室内试验评价了改性聚四氟乙烯膜材料用于油田含油污水精细处理的过滤特性。测试了操作温度、流量、膜孔径等因素对改性聚四氟乙烯膜材料特性的影响。研究结果表明,操作温度对滤后水含油量的影响最大,流量和孔径次之;操作温度越高,滤后水含油量越大;流量越大,滤后水含油量也越大。研究结果显示,油和悬浮物的去除率超过90%。设计了改性聚四氟乙烯膜滤芯,开发出了采用改性聚四氟乙烯膜精细过滤装置(已获相关专利两项,另有一项专利处于审查阶段)。在过滤装置自控及其反洗泵变频调速系统设计方面,提出了一种LOGO型4QC拓扑,其直流侧电压下限值比桥式拓扑降低近50%。对LOGO型4QC进行了状态空间平均建模,采用“平均值分离法”和“半周期平均法”对系统广义对象分别建立了连续时间控制模型和离散化数学模型,并进行大量的理论分析、参数选择、闭环控制系统的设计、仿真与实验研究。研究表明,稳态的仿真、实验波形与稳态理论分析结果吻合得很好,工业现场应用工作稳定、可靠。该精细过滤装置应用于江苏油田低渗透和特低渗透油层含油污水回注,现场测试结果表明,滤后水质量稳定,符合SY/T5329-94标准要求。长期运行实践表明,该过滤装置运行稳定,反洗周期长,再生效果好,适合实际生产需要,基本解决了低渗透油田回注水的技术难题,取得了较大的经济效益和社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modified PTFE membrane is developed using techniques such as physicochemical treatment and radio chemotherapy. It’s effective in dealing with the fine disposal of oily waste water in the oil field. Laboratory tests indicate that the stream potential of the membrane surface is about -5mV/Kpa, and the Zeta potential is about-20mV; the electric property of the membrane surface is insensitive to the aperture diameter of the membrane, temperature and flow rate; the Zeta potential of the suspended particle in the waste oily water is also negative. The modified PTFE is surface charged which makes it more capable in trapping suspended particles and improving its anti- contamination function. In this paper, the filtering effects of the modified PTFE membrane in fine disposal of field oily waste water is evaluated using deionized water and oily waste water respectively. The affect of operation temperature, flow rate and the aperture diameter of the membrane to the material behavior of the membrane is also discussed. The results indicate that the oil content after filtering is most influenced by operation temperature with flow rate and the aperature diameter coming secondly; the higher operation temperature and flow rate, the bigger oil content in the waster water after filtering. The tests indicate that the eliminating rate of oil and suspentions exceeds 90%.Modified PTFE membrane filtering element is designed and one set of facility has been developed using the modified PTFE membrane(two patents related granted,another one in censorship). In view of the drawback of traditional boost bridge 4QC which need higher DC side operating voltage, a kind of new LOGO type converter topologiy is proposed whose DC side working voltage is reduced to approaching 50%, thus is appropriate for lower voltage applications. A continuous control model and discrete model as to LOGO single phase 4QC system generalized object are established using“average value segregation”and“half period average value method”. Systematic experiments are carried out for the creeping current follow-up control and PI voltage control. SICT current-control and PI digital control are designed directly for the LOGO single phase system. Analog and experimental researches of stable state and various dynamic procedures are carried out. The results indicate that the stable state analog and experiment wave pattern coincide with the stable state theoretical analysis perfectly and apply to commercial uses safely. This fine filtering device is used to the backfilling of the low permeable sublayer and ultra-low permeable sublayer oily waster water of Jiangsu oilfield. Field test results indicate that the water quality after filtering is stable and fits for SY/T5329-94 standard demands. Long term performance tests indicate that this filtering device works well with a long backwashing cycle and good regeneration effect, thus fits for the actual service demand. It essentially resolves the technical problems of backfilling water in the low permeable sublayer. Eeconomic effect and social effect is distinguished.更多还原