【作者】 黄晓春；

【导师】 李友梅；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2008， 博士

【副题名】以上海市LF路街道一门式电子政务中心为案例的分析

【摘要】 随着上个世纪80年代信息技术在发达国家的大规模快速应用,组织研究领域的学者们开始日益关注一个重要研究主题:信息技术会如何影响现代组织及其运行?最初的研究在很大程度上受到传统的“技术与组织”研究传统影响,研究者在技术决定论、技术的社会建构论以及互构论理论的影响下,试图在新技术与组织之间建立起线性的相互勾连,进而来理解技术对组织运行的影响。新近的研究开始将注意力放在信息系统和组织安排在设计和使用的灵活性方面,这挑战了那些更趋决定论的观点。一些学者进而开始对已有研究开始进行反思,他们认为:单纯在“谁影响谁”层面讨论“变化是什么”是不够的,还应进一步加大研究深度,转而在信息技术与组织之间的互动机制层面讨论“这些变化究竟是如何发生的”。本文试图从信息技术与组织结构之间互动机制的角度来展开研究,进而对中国政府改革进程中信息技术促进基层公共部门革新的方式和路径做出较为深刻的分析。文章试图追问这些富有意义的问题:信息技术是如何改变(优化)政府组织运行的?它从哪些环节切入?它与原有结构之间的复杂互动关系如何?在什么意义上它遇到了已有结构的挑战?本文进一步发展了巴利(Barley)和简·芳汀(Jane Fountain)关于新技术与组织互动机制的模式化分析框架,建立了技术—结构的时间序列互动分析模型,对上海LF路街道引进信息技术革新一门式服务中心的复杂过程进行研究。研究发现,信息技术进入组织并影响组织运作是一个多阶段复合的过程。在每个不同阶段里,技术与组织结构之间的互动处于特定的情境里,并面对着不同的核心问题。在不同互动阶段,技术与结构的相互型塑方式、路径以及相互影响的核心议题都不尽相同:在“技术定型期”,两者间的关系更多呈现为结构对技术的选择、理解与重新安排;在“技术扎根期”,信息技术面临的核心问题是在虚拟的空间中以趋同的方式再造一种与现实组织结构相适宜的虚拟结构,并由此获得更大意义上的合法性支持;而一旦进入“技术成熟期”,信息技术便已实现“融入”组织内部的目标,它已成为组织中的一个重要组成部分,它界定、制约着其他的组织行为,其刚性的一面开始日益凸显。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid and large scale application of information technology in some most modern nations since 1980s, scholars in the academic field of organizational study have increasingly begun to focus on one important research issue which is how the information technology can influence modern organization and its performance.The initial studies on this question were greatly influenced by the research tradition of "technology and organization" to some extent. Under the impact of "technological determinism", "the social constructivism of technology" and the theory of "mutual constructing", researchers intended to set up one kind of linear mutual relationship between new information technology and organization and then to make an understanding on the influence on the performance of organization which is imposed by information technology.Newly researches began to pay much more attention to the flexibility of information system and organizational arrangement on the aspect of design and application. These studies have challenged to those viewpoints of determinism. Some scholars further made a series of reflections on the existed researches, they believed that it is not enough for simply discussing "whom would be influenced" and "what is the change", they claimed that it is necessary to deepen the studies, that is to say, from the perspective of interaction mechanism between information technology and organization to describe "how do these changes take place" is fairly more important.In this paper, we will tact an approach of interaction mechanism between information technology and organizational structure. On this basis, we intend to make a more deeply analysis on the methods and routines of base public administrative sectors’ innovation which is promoted by information technology in the process of Chinese governmental reform. In this paper, some important and interesting theoretical questions would be discussed: how information technology can change or optimize the performance of governmental organizations? What concrete starting point is? What the complex interaction relation is between information technology and the initial organizational structure? In this study, we developed Barley and Jane.Fountain’s analysis frame about the interaction mechanism between new information technology and organization and built a "technology-structure" time sequent interaction analysis model. By using this model, we made a study on the complex application process of information technology on which one-stop E-government service center at LF administrative street community of Shanghai as an example.This paper came to a conclusion that it is a multistage compound process for information embedding into and influencing organization. At different stages, the interaction of technology and organizational structure has different contexts and deals with different core issues. In other words, at different stages, the mutual shaping approaches, routines and core topics of technology and organizational structure’s interaction are also different. At the stage of "technology solidarity", the relation between information technology and organizational structure shows more that structure selects, understands and resets the technology; at the stage of "technology rooting", information technology faces to a core problem of reconstruction of the virtual structure which is realized in an virtual space with a method of isomorphism and then obtain more legitimacy supports; however, when it is developed into the stage of "technology maturity", information technology could realize the goal of "integrating into" organization and it becomes one important part of the organization, it could define and restrict other organizational acts, at this time, the rigidity of information system is presented increasingly.更多还原