【作者】 张柱林；

【导师】 王晓明；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 19世纪以来,随着现代技术的越来越发达,西方资本主义和帝国主义所推动的全球一体化的步伐不断加快,同时全球各部分之间的差距越来越大。中国深深卷入全球一体化的进程,经历了从传统的“朝贡”体系的“帝国”(“天下”)到现代“民族国家”的痛苦转型过程。1949年中共夺取政权后,统一大陆,在意识形态、政治经济制度,直至社会公共生活和日常生活的各个领域,都推动内部的“一体化”,以便迅速凝聚全国的力量,加速实现现代化。在毛泽东时代,由于冷战的特殊情况,中国采取的是“反西方的西化”或“反现代性的现代性”。1970年代末中国实行“改革开放”政策以来,特别是1980年代末1990年代初一系列国际巨变以后,中国的现代化道路明显向西方经典现代性靠拢,一体化过程加快。与此同时,城乡之间、地域之间、行业之间、阶层之间的差距却日益加大,中国成为全球贫富差距最大的地方之一,有些学者将这种各部分发展极不平衡的状态视为社会的“断裂”。1970年代末期以来中国的文学进程,在所谓走向世界、走向未来的大旗下,也表征了对这个一体化过程的想象。本文尤其要关注的,是其中一些敏感的作家在这个过程中产生的震惊体验及其表征,探讨他们如何用小说的形式梳理自己的体验,如何理解和表达自己的体验,试图描述其中呈现出来的对世界的洞察、理解和想象的轮廓,爬梳他们的思想脉络,分析他们的美学趣味,尤其是他们的叙述形式后面的意识形态因素。本文认为,当作家们因为种种原因在一体化过程中与一种差异很大的环境接触时,产生程度不等的心理震惊,他们力图缓解、克服这种心理震惊的过程,也就是他们在想象中力求探寻克服这些社会矛盾冲突的方法的过程。在一些作家看来,差距必须用一体化来克服,如用工业化、城市化来缩小城乡差距。而在另一些作家看来,实际存在的差距就是一体化引起的,越一体化,差距越大。有些作家对一体化/差距社会作出了另外的描绘,或者将一体化前的各不相同的差异状况视为自有其魅力和有意思的差异生活状态,或者在一体化过程中寻找差异空间,反抗趋向凝固的一体化。当代中国的现实状况纷纭复杂,变化剧烈,正好给文学发展提供了巨大的空间,虽然由于种种原因,至今尚未出现完全令人满意的关于中国的“现代”经验的伟大叙事作品,但包括我们所讨论的七位作家在内的一些当代中国作家,仍然作出了巨大的努力,对现实作出了最敏锐的回应。在这种回应中,作家们通过文学的形式展示了文学的思想功能,这种思想功能是通过作家的感受力和想象力起作用的。通过对现存压抑状况的揭露,通过对新的生活空间的想象,作家们的叙事展示了文学诗意的一面,提供了和主流叙事不同的对中国的“现代”的想象,为我们的生活保存和提供了另一种选择的可能性。论文主要是从问题出发,分析时采用内容分析与形式分析结合的研究方法,力争避免陷入简单的“题材决定论”或单纯的形式主义分析,试图在强调文学创作是一种相对独立的叙事实践的同时,不要掉进将文学创作视为游离于社会现实之外的审美“自律”领域的陷阱中。更多还原

【Abstract】 From 19centuries, along with modern technically more and more flourishing, the global integration is pushed by western capitalism and imperialism have been speeding up, and the gap of of each global part is more and more big in the meantime. China deeply draws in the progress of the global integration , experiences painly and sufferly the process from traditional "empire"("world") to modern "nation-state". After 1949, the Chinese Communist Party unified the Mainland,at every realm, from ideology and political economic system, to society public life and daily life, the state power pushs internal"integration", in order to quickly coagulate whole country of strength, and accelere modernization.At Mao’s ages, because of the special circumstances of Cold War, what China adopted the policy of "the anti-Western westernization" or"the modernity of anti-modernity". In 1970’s end, China practice "the reform and opening-up" policy, especially in 1980’s end the beginning of 1990’s, after a series international changes, the road of Chinese modernization obviously turned classic western modernity, the integrational process speeds up .At the same time, the gap of city and coutryside have been enlarging day by day, so that China becomes one of the biggest places of gap between rich and poor, some scholars name this kind of each parts of development pole the appearance of the unbalance as "split society". The literature progress in China since the end of 1970’s, at so-called head to world and future, also represent the imagination of process to this integration. This thesis particularly wants to pay attention to of, some sensitive writers output among them shocked in this process experience and its token, inquiry into them how to comb their own experience with the novelistic form, how comprehend with express their own experience, try a description to present among them of to the insight into of world, comprehension and imagination of outline, comb their thread of thoughts, analyze their esthetic interests, particularly the ideology facrors behind narrative forms. This thesis think that because of various reason at the integration process these writers contact the very different environment, they shocked, so the process that they attempt to overcome this kind of mental shocked is also the process that they try hard to explore the methods to overcome these inextricable social conflicts in the imagination. In some writers eyes, the gap can overcome with the integration , for example, the disparity between city and countryside can narrow with the industrialization and urbanization.But in another writers eyes, the gap really existed is attributable to the integration, more the integration and the gap is more big. Some writers descripted the integration/the spilt society in another way, some argue each different condition before integration is more charming and interesting life, some look for different space in the integrative process, resist to the solidify of integartion. The realistic condition of contemporary China is profuse and confusing complicated and change violent, at the right moment provided huge space for literature development, although because of various reason, up to now it haven’t appear that the great work concerning China of"modern" experience,some contemporary Chinese writers including seven writers that we discuss, still keep making huge effort, made the most sharp response to the reality. In this kind of response, the writers displayed the thought function of literature through the literary forms. Pass to expose the suppresstion of reality, pass to image the new living space, the narration of the writers displayed the side of literature poetry, provide the different imagination of Chinese "modern" from mainstream narrations, keep and provided the possibility of another choice for our lifes. The thesis mainly sets out from the problem, in the analytical process adopt the research methods that the content analysis combines with form analysis, endeavour to avoid sinking into "the topic decide to talk about" or the formalism of analysis simply, try to emphasize that the literature creations is a kind of independence narrative practice, and try to avoid sinking into treat the literature creations as a "autonomy" esthetic realm outside of society meantime.更多还原