【作者】 周业勤；

【导师】 沈关宝；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 自上世纪90年代初我国政府提出社区建设以来,我国社区建设理论研究者们或者是以传统的地域共同体社区概念作为基础,或者是以政策性的行政社区概念作为基础,建构出各自的社区建设理论,却都没有对现代城市社区本身做出必要的理论阐述。本研究认为,始于20世纪70年代末的我国经济体制市场化改革,导致了国家与社会的分化。在国家和社会的分化与整合过程中社会生活的去行政化与行政化,现代性发展过程中社会生活的地域化和去地域化,构成了建构我国当代城市社区的基本力量。在这两对基本张力的作用下,我国当代城市社区既不可能是计划经济条件下的“单位”的替代品,也不可能是传统意义上的地域性社会共同体,而是城市居民和组织为了维护和促进基于共处一地所形成的共同利益而发起的集体行动过程。该行动过程的基本特征是地域性、公益性和开放性。现代城市社区的基本性质是工具性的而非情感性的,社区的边界也不是固定的地域边界而是变化着的集体行动的边界。作为集体行动过程,现代城市社区是居民和当地组织参与地方性社会生活,维护和促进当地社会福利的重要途径。社区建设本质上就是建设社区行动能力。社区行动能力并不是各种资源的简单聚合,而是各种资源在协商民主基础上进行互动产生的效应。资源代表的只是潜在的行动能力,现实的社区行动能力存在于社区行动中,与社区行动是一体两面的关系。社区行动能力建设的根本原则是社区行动原则,即通过社区行动建设社区行动能力。社区行动能力建设过程由社区问题认定、项目能力评估、项目能力建设、项目行动和项目行动评估五个循环上升的环节构成。目前,妨碍我国社区行动能力建设的最主要原因是对基层政权建设的狭隘理解,即过分强调政府对社会的控制而不是社会对自身的认同。只有在政府从建设执政合法性的高度来统揽社区建设,确立政府与社区之间的权利与地位的条件下,才能有真正意义上的社区建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since our government initiated urban community constructing in the early 1990s,based on the traditional concept of the neighbourhood community,or on a policy concept of the community,theory researchers proposed many kinds of community construting theory.However,they didn’t make necessary theoretical explanations about the modern urban community.The disstation concluded:Began in the late 1970s,the market-oriented reforms of the economic system have led to China’s rapid economic development,which drives China on rapid modernization and leads to the born of civil society. The intension between the administration and anti-administration of social life and the intension between the localization and anti-localization of social life in the course of modernization are the basic forces to construct a modern urban community life.Under the both tension,it is neither possible for modern urban community to be the substitution of the "dan wei",nor to be the traditional sense of the neighborhood community.Modern urban community is the collective action process initiated by residents in order to safeguard and promote the common interests based on coexistence.The basic features of the action course are regional,nonprofit and open.The fundamental nature of modern urban community relations is the tool rather than emotion. The border of community is not a fixed geographical border but the bounder of the collective action.As a collective course of action,modern urban community is an important way for residents and local organizations to participate in local social life,and to safeguard and promote the welfare of the local community.Therefore,in essence,Community Constructing is to construct community capacity for actions.Community capacity is not a simple polymerization of resources but the interaction of resources trough Deliberative Democracy,the only resources on behalf of the potential capacity to act. The reality of the community capacity exists in the ability of community action,and community action and community capacity is the two side of one thing.Community capacity-constructing’s fundamental principle is to initiate community action,namely to construct community capacity through community action.Community capacity-constructing process can be idealized into five phases:to identify projects,to assess the ability for carrying out the projects, to build the capacity for carrying the projects,to carry out the projects,to assess the course of projects.At present, the main reason hinders China’s community capacity-constructing is the narrow understanding of the local government.The local government holds that the constructing of the local government power is to keep the administrative control of community rather than to win the community’s identification.Only when a government is to guide the community constructing from the view of legitimacy,to establish the relations between the government and the community,it is possible to undertake a genuine community constructing.更多还原