【作者】 汪丹；

【导师】 李友梅；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2008， 博士

【副题名】以两个基层党组织结构变迁为案例的组织社会学研究

【摘要】 在复杂的社会空间中,形式组织结构变化的逻辑是什么?这个问题一直是组织研究中的核心问题。已有的研究提出了三种解释机制:理性选择学派和持经济学视角的一些研究认为“效率因素”是决定组织结构变迁的重要因素;社会学的制度学派认为组织的“合法性”制度环境决定组织的结构及其变迁;权变理论的学者则提出了更为灵活的解释,认为组织结构与形式是环境的一种匹配之物。从某种角度来看,上述三种解释路径虽然各自都提出了一些较为周严的理论逻辑,并为人们观察正式组织的结构变迁提供了一定的理论支持,但它们都或多或少地忽略了现代组织运作中的这样两个特征:组织所采用的行动策略与组织所“感受”到的环境都是一种不确定的“建构之物”,组织的结构与环境之间并不存在着“一一对应的”“确定”的函数关系;组织的结构与决策行为之间并不存在着一条泾渭分明的界限,结构与“决策”行为之间的界限正在日益模糊,换言之,在形式组织的变迁中隐藏着一个更为微妙的政治过程,结构与行动之间存在着一种相互建构的关系。正因为此,如果我们对组织结构变迁的逻辑认识仅仅建立在上述三种思路上,我们的观察将是不完善的。这也即是说:组织的结构变迁可能还存在着另外一种深层的逻辑关系,我们需要对其进行揭示。本文通过实证研究的方法观察了上海两个基层党组织结构变迁的过程。这两个基层党组织在工作环境复杂化的大背景下都以某种方式对自身结构进行了“微调”,所不同的是:其中楼宇党组织是在自下而上的动力下“静悄悄”的变革,而“阳光驿站”则是在上级部门的规划下,自上而下的按照既定的设计变更自身结构。本文发现,尽管这两个过程在形式上有很大的不同,但其变更过程中都隐含着相近的深层机制:组织结构的变更并不以某种单一理性为蓝本,它们并非被动地按照环境要求而“权变”,结构的变迁成为某种微观政治过程的产物,这个过程充满着行动者的策略,因而显现出很强的建构性特征。本文因而得到的理论启示是:组织以其结构的变化来对环境作出反应,这个过程并不是一个机械适应的过程,而是应被视为一系列来自组织内部的策略性选择相互“综合”后的整体性选择过程。组织结构在本质上与行动者的策略行动之间是相互建构的。这种启示有可能更好地引导研究者解读行动者构造结构的逻辑,进而深刻了解组织结构变革的动因,最终超越简单技术决定论带来的判断和以单一理性为依据的“合理性争论”。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the complicated social space, what is the real logic of the structural change of formal organization? This question is all along a core research issue of organization study. On this topic, three main explaining mechanics have been put forward. The first one is the rational choice school and some studies which prefer to the perspective of Economics, this researches state that "efficiency factor" is the most important influence factor on the transformation of organization structure; The second approach is the institutionalism school of sociology, scholars in this field point out that the legitimacy institution environment of organization will determine its own structure and its transformation; The third perspective is contingency theory, it provide us a more flexible interpretation. Contingency theory researchers like to believe that the organization form and structure is a product of being adapting to its environments.Frankly to say, to some extent, those three explaining routes have presented some relative complex and strict theoretical logics and provided us certain theory support on understanding the structure transformation of formal organization. However, these researches neglected the two characters of modern organizations in the practicing process more or less. Firstly, the organization’s acting strategies and the environment are both uncertain constructive products, it would not necessarily exist a one by one corresponding and certain function relationship; Secondly, there is no one dividing line between the structure and strategy behavior of organization, the bound between structure and strategy act is increasingly ambiguous, in another word, the change of formal organization contains a more subtle political process, between structure and act, there is a relationship of mutual-construction. So, any perception and understanding on the logic of organization structure change would be incomplete. That is to say, another deep logic relation of organization structure transformation would be probable on which our newly discovery is needed.In this paper, we empirically surveyed the structure transformation process of two sub-branch units of CPC in Shanghai. These two sub-branch units of CPC had both made some modifications on their own structures in the complication context of the performance environment. However, difference is transparent: the quiet change of Louyu(mansion or building)’s CPC units is a process of from bottom to top, conversely, the changing process of Yangguangyizhan(sunshine stop) is conducted by its superior department according to the designed formal plan from the top to bottom. In this research, we found that there existed great difference on the form between the two processes, but they contained a sharing deep mechanic. Concretely to say, organization structure transformation would not be on single basis, this changing process is also necessarily contingent, the transformation of organization structure is frankly one kind of subtle political process, during this process, there are so many strategies of actors, and thus it will present strong characters of construction.What theory inspiration we would obtain in this paper is that organization will react to the environment with its structure, and this process is not a mechanical one but a choice process which is the consequence of the synthesis among some strategies choices. Organization structure and actors’ strategy performance would be mutual constructed.This inspiration will probably conduct us to make an better interpretation and understanding on the logic of that how actors would construct the structure, then we could got a deep perception on the factors of organization structure transformation, thus we could surpass the statement of simple technology determinism and the legitimacy argument which is based on single rationality.更多还原