【作者】 李丰春；

【导师】 陈新汉；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本文主要从社会评价论的角度,通过对我国传统社会旌表活动的历史演进过程进行考察,找出我国传统社会权威机构核心价值观下渗和民众接受核心价值观的通道,从而揭示旌表活动与基层社会控制的内在关系。通过对历史事实的归纳和整理,推理出我国传统社会权威评价活动与民众评价活动互动的过程,总结和勾勒出我国传统社会权威机构对基层社会实施控制的基本模式。全文包括六章内容。第一章,问题的提出及研究视角。主要阐述本课题的研究视角、研究领域、研究意义以及材料的选取等方面的内容。第二章,旌表及其社会支持系统。该章对旌表分别从辞源学和旌表的标准、程序等方面对旌表进行全面的阐述,并从社会评价论的角度出发,指出旌表的社会支持系统为权威评价活动和民众评价活动。第三章,旌表累世同居与基层社会的控制。该章首先对家庭、家族、宗族和累世同居、聚居、义门几个容易混淆的概念进行辨别和界定,然后通过对累世同居大家庭发展演化中的社会评价活动进行探讨,总结出旌表累世同居大家庭的社会评价正功能,说明国家旌表累世同居大家庭的目的主要是通过对这些在地方上已经形成的权力场域的旌表,实际上就是承认大家庭在地方权力的合法性,进而利用旌表这一特殊的殊荣,实现其对整个社会风俗和生活方式的影响。第四章,旌表孝行与基层社会的控制。首先从国家权威机构对孝行的旌表和民众对孝行的推崇两方面进行研究,得出旌表活动是权威评价活动与民众评价活动合谋的结果。对“孝行”进行旌表,其实质在于以孝教化民众,以孝治理国家,从而稳定民心。第五章,旌表贞节与基层社会的控制。通过对贞节的权威评价和民众对主流贞节观的回应的历史考察,认为女性的贞节观不是生来就有的,而是被建构出来的。在寡妇再嫁被污名化的情况下,“节妇”、“贞女”不得不接受社会评价对她们意识和身份的建构,从而通过控制她们的行为达到对其全面的控制。第六章,在旌表活动中寻求基层社会控制的模式——权威评价活动的下渗和民众对权威评价活动的迎合。通过以上几章的分析,得出权威机构对基层社会控制的模式是:权威机构通过士绅阶层下渗自己的核心价值体系,而基层民众在心理上自愿接受核心价值体系对自己行为的引导。在权威评价活动和民众评价活动的相互助长下,国家权力的触角通过旌表这种柔性的制度悄然伸入民间,从而达到对基层社会的控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the angle of social evaluation theory, this thesis mainly deals with the historic process of traditional social merit-commending activitaties in China and has found the passage through which the traditional social authoritive organization imbued their nucleus values and commom people acceped the moral concepts,so that the inner relationship between the moral exemplar rewarding activities and grass-roots community controlling.By summing up and analyzing the historical facts,we can deduce the process in which how the traditional social evaluation and mass judgement interacted,and also we can outline the basic model of the control over the grass-roots community by the traditional Chinese authoritative organizations.The whole paper consists of six chapters.Chaper one starts with the introduction of the subject including the angle of view,the sphere and the significance of studies, as well as study materials.Chapter two mainly deals with the supporting system of social movality,discussing the system from the view-point of ethnology and standards of exemplary person rewarding respectively,and based on the social evaluatoin theory,pointing out that the supporting system of exemplary person rewarding serves as authoritative evaluation activities and mass evaluation activities.Chapter three deals with the activities of commending and rewarding big families living together from generation to generation and the control of lower level stratum.This chapter first distinguishes and defines some easily-confusing concepts such as ’family’, ’clan’, ’the clan of inhabitation of different clans’ and ’grand household’, and then the chapter probes into the social evaluation activities in the development of big families living together from generation to generation,so that the big families living together for generations,which indicated that the principal goal of big family rewarding was in fact to recognize the legality of the controlling power of the big families when the local authority was formed in the area the big families inhabited;at the same time, the rewarding activities could be used by the state as a special honor to exert its influence on the folk custom and life of the whole society.Chapter four is focused on the filial piety commending and the control over the grass-roots community.The principal studies include two aspects.The state’s organizations commend and reward filial piety and the common people worshiped this moral character,which resulted from the combination of authoritative evaluation and popular judgement of grass-roots people.The essence of ’filial piety’commending lies in applying the filial piety to educate and bring people under control so as to pacify people and enjoy their support.Chapter five is focused on the women’s virginity and loyality and control over the grass-roots community.By scrutinizing authoritative evaluation of the virginity and common people’s response to the main stream outlook on the virginity in Chinese history ,we find that women were not born with the outlook on the virginity,but they were imbued with it during their life time.The widow’s remarring had been defamed for a long time,so the ’chaste or virginal woman’, who remained faithful to her husband even after his death,had to accept the outlook imposed on the women’s will and personality,so that the authorities could control them completely.Chapter six mainly deals with the model of lower level community control,i.e. the authoritative evaluation was inculcated on common people and the grass-roots stratum willingly accepted such activities. As analyzed in the chapter above, we can conclude that the model of the authoritative organizations’ control over the grass-roots community is that the authorities inculcated their nucleus values, by means of the stratums of wealth and good position and, in turn, the lower social groups were willing to accept the values as their code of conduct. Though the interaction of the authoritative evaluation and mass judgment, the state powerful influence could, by means of commending and rewarding activities, permeate the grass-roots community.更多还原