【作者】 吕雪峰；

【导师】 田金信；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 现代物流管理已成为各行各业提高物资流通效率、降低流通成本的有效手段。中国的建筑业在国民经济保持持续增长的总体形势下,以不同的幅度逐年增长,建筑业的支柱产业地位得到体现和加强。但是随着经济的全球化和竞争的日益加剧,中国建筑业面临的问题和威胁也是多方面的。现代物流管理思想的兴起,为建筑业提供了增强竞争力的新手段。现代物流管理思想的最终目的在于以最小的成本提供最优质的服务,欲实现这一目的,必须对物流管理中的关键环节予以必要的优化。本文以建筑业中由总承包企业及其上游供应商组成的二级供应链中的物流管理为研究对象,着眼于采购、库存管理及运输管理的相关理论及优化方法,运用比较分析法、系统分析方法、定性分析与定量分析相结合、规范与实证相结合的研究方法,结合建筑行业的特点和特殊需求,对建筑行业物流管理的关键环节优化问题开展了研究。物流中的采购、库存及运输等环节,分别解决了供给者与需求者之间场所和时间的分离,分别是物流创造场所价值和时间价值的主要功能因素,是物流系统中的关键环节。无论是战略层的物流系统设计,还是操作层的物流系统运营管理,都必然要面对和必须要合理优化这些环节。建筑业物流管理的总体目标是及时供应工程所需的原材料和辅助材料,避免或减少库存积压,避免资金闲置,形成最佳的物资供应状态。本文通过对建筑工程采购行为不确定性对采购策略的影响的分析,提出了建筑业采购优化的原则及相应的优化策略。结合采购与库存控制的关系,针对建筑业采购与库存管理的特点和存在的问题,采用JMI策略实现总承包商与其上游供应商的采购-库存优化,从而能够通过统一的协调实现供应链上下游整体优化的目标。在确定优化策略的基础上,建立了建筑业采购-库存控制的JMI优化模型。结合建筑材料配送车辆载量小于施工需求、配送过程具有时间限制要求及施工现场有限的存储条件等行业特点,分析了建筑材料运输管理中存在的问题,提出了建筑材料配送车辆调度优化的原则及相应的优化策略,并据此建立了建筑材料配送车辆调度的VRP的双目标优化模型。采用遗传算法对相关案例进行了优化求解。针对建筑业采购-库存JMI联合优化模型及建材配送VRP优化模型,介绍了利用遗传算法的优化求解过程,并给出了优化解及达成优化的各项参数。作为随机优化与搜索算法,遗传算法不是盲目式的乱搜索,也不是穷举式的全面搜索。虽然本研究中模型的求解空间十分庞大,但是配合遗传算法的特性,可以在合理的时间内求得合理的解,使得模型可以应用于我国建筑业的实际。本研究通过遗传算法的应用,确保最优解的求解效率。一方面,其目标达成率非常高,另一方面计算过程所需时间大为减少。因而研究中的模型和算法的应用将会有助于增加建筑材料供应链中供需双方的共同利益。现代物流管理理论的出现,促进了很多行业管理思想的变革。随着物流和供应链管理思想由传统制造业领域向其他产业的延伸,针对建筑行业的研究和应用也必将逐步深化。本文在建筑业物流管理关键环节优化方面做了有益的研究,对于丰富和促进建筑行业的物流管理理论,合理控制项目费用、有效降低项目建设成本和有力推进项目进度具有积极意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern logistics has become an effective way to improve efficiency and re-duce cost for materials circulation nowadays. The construction business has been increasing year by year and the position of pillar industry of the construction is reflected and strengthened under the overall situation that national economy keeps lasting growth. But with the economic globalization and aggravation of competition gradually, problems and threat that China’s construction industry faces are in many aspects. Modern logistics management offers a new method to improve competitiveness for the construction industry. The final purpose of mod-ern logistics is to offer the high-quality service with the minimum cost. To realize this purpose, it is essential to optimizate the key links of logistics.The main research object in this dissertation is logistics management of two-level supply chain composed of the general contracting enterprise and its upper-reaching supplier in the construction industry. It focuses on relevant theories and optimization method of the inventory control and transportation management. Comparative analytic approach, system analytical method, the qualitative analy-sis combining with quantitative analysis, standardization research approach com-bining with real example are used to study optimization of the key links of logis-tics management for the construction industry according to the characteristic of the construction business and its special demand.Necessity of optimization for logistics management of the construction in-dustry is discussed according to its characteristics and current situation. And op-timizing tactics and relevant method are chosen with management theory of lo-gistics and supply chain.The key links of the logistics management for the construction industry are defined. Transportation and inventory solve the problems of time separation and place separation between the supplier and the vendor respectively. They are the main function factors that create place value and time value through logistics and two essential links in logistics system. In addition, they take the majority of the cost of the logistics. All logistics system must face these two links and need to optimize them rationally. The overall goal of logistics management of the con- struction is to supply the raw materials and assist materials that the project needs in time, avoid or reduce stocks, prevent the fund from leaving unused, form the best material supply situation, and at the same time count materials consuming, input and output, etc., and offer prompt and essential decision information to the enterprise’s policymaker. The control over inventory should realize the purpose of guaranteeing supply, reducing cost of stock and accelerating turnover of fund. And transportation management should realize the purpose of timely economical transportation with little turnover times. So these two links should be the key links to be studied for optimization of construction logistics.Through characteristics analysis of the construction industry, the Joint-Management Inventory is chosen as tactics to optimize the whole inventory of general contractor and its upper supplier. It can improve the inventory manage-ment level and optimize the whole inventory management through coordination. On the basis of analyzing main influence factors pointedly, the model of Joint-Management Inventory for the construction industry is set up and the genetic al-gorithm is chosen as its solving method according to the characteristic of inven-tory control for the construction industry. The optimization model of VRPTW for the construction is set up according to characteristics influence factors of the construction industry with the genetic algorithm as the solving method.The calculation is operated through Matlab to realize optimization of the model charge the operation of the model of VRPTW for the construction as an example to proved optimization efficiency and usability of the algorithm. As a searching and optimizing algorithm, the genetic algorithm is not to search the re-sult in an all-round way or blindly, it is to search the result according to the indi-vidual living environment i.e. goal function. For the genetic algorithm only needs to utilize fetching value information of the goal without gradient, continuity and protruding information, it is suitable for optimization of the extensive, highly non-linear without discontinuity and multi-peak functions and no-analyzing ex-pression formula and has high commonability. The operation target of the algo-rithm is a group of individuals and has many searching orbits for, so it has chrematistics of recessive paralleling.The appearance of logistics management theory has promoted the change of the management thoughts of a lot of industries. The research and application about it for the construction industry will be strengthened as the thoughts of modern logistics and supply chain extend towards from the field of traditional manufacturing industry to other industries. The beneficial research has been car-ried out in this dissertation on optimization of key logistics links for the con-struction industry. The research has positive meanings to enrich and promote lo-gistics management theory for the construction industry, control the project ex-penses rationally, reduce the construction cost of the project effectively and ac-celerate the project progress.更多还原