【作者】 赵庆建；

【导师】 赵庆良；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 河北省位于水资源短缺的华北地区,属“资源型缺水”和“水质型缺水”并存的省份,水环境安全问题十分突出。改革开放以来,伴随着省内社会经济的高速发展,人们对水资源的开发利用程度越来越高,甚至达到了超常规开发的地步,已造成自产水量和出入境水量锐减的局面。尤其是对地下水的掠夺性开采已导致了地下水水位的持续下降,并引发了地裂缝、地下水水位降落漏斗等许多地质环境灾害问题;同时,由于人们环境意义不强,有些污水未经处理任意排放,特别是污染严重企业,如造纸厂、皮革厂、印染厂等,偷排偷放现象时有发生,造成水体严重污染,加重了水资源短缺,水环境安全受到危胁。本文全面分析了河北省水环境现状及面临的问题,从健康水循环理论出发,深刻阐述了水环境安全的内涵、属性及其重要性;基于层次分析法和灰色关联度理论,建立了水环境安全评价体系,通过建立和简化计算模型,首次对河北省水环境安全进行综合评价;针对河北省水资源现状,科学地预测了需水量和城市可利用水资源量,并合理进行水资源供需平衡分析,同时对污染物排放量进行现状分析和预测;遵循可持续发展的理念,分析河北省水资源承载力现状,具体提出水资源可持续利用的实用技术和支撑体系;以保定市为例,采用上述方法对其水环境安全进行具体评价,并对水资源可持续利用进行综合评判。对河北省的水环境安全综合评价表明,河北省的生态安全、水质安全和水量安全三方面的安全度值都低于国家平均值,水环境综合安全度值更低,居所有参比区域末尾,水质和水量安全存在危机。对河北省水资源供需平衡分析和污染物排放量预测表明,一次供需平衡分析中城市水资源供需不平衡,存在严重缺口,通过实施南水北调工程等措施,二次分析城市水资源供需达到平衡;生活污水对水环境安全的可能危害在逐渐增强,工业废水产生的危害在相对减小。对河北省水资源可持续利用技术与措施的研究表明,河北省水资源经过合理有效的实用技术治理、强大有力保障体系的支撑,能够达到可持续利用的目的。依据本文所提出的原理和方法,对保定市水环境安全与可持续发展评判表明,保定市水环境安全状况优于河北省整体状态,水量安全问题突出;城市水资源供需不平衡;生活污水对水环境安全可能危害在逐渐增强,工业废水的危害相对减小;采取有效技术措施,保定市能够实现水环境安全与可持续发展。本文研究结果使人们对河北省水环境安全状况有全面、深刻及系统客观的评价,对水资源承载力和水资源可持续利用技术与措施有深入的了解;为政府部门制定有关水环境、水资源方面的政策措施提供参考;为治理河北省水环境、可持续利用水资源提供技术依据;对指导全国各省市水环境安全评价和水资源可持续利用具有普遍指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hebei province lies in the Huabei region where water resource is short.In Hebei," the shortage of water in water resource " and " the shortage of water in water quality " are both conspicuous, and the issues of Water Environment Security are extremely serious. Since the revolution and opening of China, the degree of exploitation and utilization to the water resource is higher and higher following the high-speed development of social economy. It has even reached the hypernormal stage and has already caused the complexion of water quatity sharply reduced not only native but also in and out. Especially, the excessive exploitation of groundwater has already brought about the dropping continuously of groundwater level and caused a lot of geology issues or environment calamities, for example, ground crack, funnel caused by falling of groundwater level.At the same time lot of wastewater was discharged without treatment especially high polluted enterprises such as paper mill, tannery and print works because of lacking of environment consciousness. And this made water bodies pollution and sharpened water resources shortage and influenced water environment security.This analyzed water environment actuality and problems of Hebei Province, and expatiated the contents, characteristics and significance of water environment security. Based on the theory of AHP and grey relating degree, water environment security assessment system was established. This paper assessed water environment security of Hebei Province by establishing and predigesting calculation model. Aiming at the water resources actuality of Hebei Province, water demand and supply amount were forecasted and demand and supply balance was analyzed, also analyzed and forecasted the actuality of pollutant discharged. According to the theory of sustainable development, this paper analyzed the water resources loading actuality and put forward the technology an supporting system of water resources sustainable utilization. Finally water environment security and water resources sustainable utilization of Baoding City was assessedThe results show that the security degree value of eco-safety, water quality safety and water quantity are all lower than national average, especially water environment security degree is serious and is in the end of all the regions, water quality and quantity crises are existed.The results of water demand and supply balance and pollutant amount forecast show water resource supplied is lower than demanded. The second analysis can reach the balance with water transportation from southern to northern area. The sewage influence water environment security gradually serious and industrial wastewater in the reverse.The research on technology and measures of sustainable utilization of Hebei Province shows that water resources of Hebei Province can achieve sustainable utilization with effective treatment technology and supporting system.The assessment of water environment security and sustainable development of Baoding City shows the situation of Baoding City is better than that of Hebei province. Water quantity is serious and the water supply can’t satisfy the demand. Also the influence from domestic sewage is gradually serious however industrial wastewater is in the reverse. Water environment security and sustainable development of Baoding City can be achieved with effective countermeasures.The result of this paper can make people know the status of water environment security of Hebei Province, and also know the water resources loading capacity and countermeasures of water resources sustainable utilization. It can providing references to government for making policies and countermeasures of water environment and water resources. Finally it can direct Hebei and other provinces to improve water environment and assess water environment security and achieve sustainable development of water resources.更多还原