【作者】 王晓宁；

【导师】 盛洪飞；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 随着人们对交通污染的日益关注,绿色、环保型的交通系统已经成为现代城市发展的必然要求。道路立体交叉作为公路网和城市道路网的重要节点,其交通污染问题显得尤为突出。从道路立体交叉线形设计指标出发,研究交通污染与道路立体交叉几何设计条件之间的内在联系,定量评价道路立体交叉设计方案的交通污染状况具有十分重要的理论意义和实用价值。论文在总结借鉴国内外相关研究成果的基础上,对道路立体交叉空气污染、噪声污染与几何线形设计指标之间的关系以及道路立体交叉方案交通污染评价问题进行了研究。论文对基于交通污染评价的道路立体交叉分解方法进行了研究。在分析左、右转匝道圆曲线单元、缓和曲线单元线形组成的基础上,选取典型的左出左入式、左出右入式、右出左入式、右出右入式、环圈式左转匝道和斜线式、单(复)曲线式、反向曲线式、平行线式右转匝道,进行了常见的三路立体交叉和四路立体交叉分解方法研究。匝道是道路立体交叉交通污染研究的关键部位,论文从分析车辆在匝道上的行驶速度变化入手,对匝道坡度、转弯半径对车速的影响进行了分析,建立了变速运动段车速与匝道长度之间的函数关系,为以车速作纽带建立污染物排放量、交通噪声能量与匝道长度之间关系奠定基础。对于道路立体交叉空气污染研究,选取一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢化合物(HC)、氮氧化物(NOx)作为评价因子,将车辆分为小型车、中型车、大型车、特大型车、摩托车五大类,在总结、归纳、借鉴国内外单车污染物排放因子与速度关系研究成果的基础上,给出了五类车型、三种污染物的单车排放因子与速度拟合关系。通过车速与匝道长度之间的函数关系,建立了车辆在匝道上变速行驶时单车排放因子与匝道长度之间的函数关系,通过积分运算得到了单车污染物排放量计算公式,在此基础上,通过计算匝道、主线污染物总量得到了道路立体交叉的污染物总量计算公式。给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量空气污染的含义及计算公式。对于道路立体交叉交通噪声污染研究,选取等效声级作为评价量,给出了相对等效能量的含义及计算方法,在总结、归纳、借鉴国内外噪声级与速度关系研究的基础上,给出了相对等效能量与车速拟合关系,建立了相对等效能量与匝道长度之间函数关系,通过积分运算得到了单车相对等效总能量,继而得到了单车等效声级,在此基础上,通过匝道、主线车辆行驶等效声级叠加计算得到了道路立体交叉的等效声级。给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量噪声污染的含义及计算公式。选取道路立体交叉当量空气污染、当量噪声污染、影响系数共3大类12个指标,利用可拓学中的物元分析评价理论进行道路立体交叉方案交通污染综合评价。通过确定待评物元、经典域物元矩阵、节域物元矩阵、计算各指标权重、关联函数及隶属程度、对方案进行综合评价等过程建立了基于物元分析的道路立体交叉交通污染评价模型。论文取得的主要研究成果有:提出了基于交通污染评价的道路立体交叉左、右转匝道及线形单元分解方法;分析了匝道车速变化过程,建立了车速与匝道长度之间的函数关系;建立了车辆在匝道上变速行驶时单车排放因子与匝道长度之间的函数关系,推导了单车污染物排放量和道路立体交叉污染物总量计算公式;给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量空气污染的含义及计算公式;给出了相对等效能量的含义及计算方法,建立了相对等效能量与匝道长度之间的函数关系,推导了单车等效声级和道路立体交叉等效声级计算公式;给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量噪声污染的含义及计算公式;提出了基于物元分析的道路立体交叉交通污染评价模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 With people’s concern about the traffic pollution day by day, the environment protection of traffic system has already become an inevitable request of the development of modern city. As important nodes of highway and urban road network, interchange’s traffic pollution seems to be a particularly important problem. So it has very important theoretical significance and practical value to study the inner relationship between traffic pollution and geometry design conditions of the interchange, and to quantitatively evaluate traffic pollution of interchange design according to geometric design index of interchange. The thesis systematically analyzes the relationship between air pollution, traffic noise and the geometric design index of interchange based on summarizing and consulting relevant research at home and abroad.At first, the thesis studies the decomposed method of interchange from the starting of the demand of traffic pollution study. On the basis of analyzing the alighnment composing of circular curve unit and transition curve unit of left-turn and right-turn ramp, the typical left-turn ramp of the left-exit-and-left-entrance type, the left-exit-and-right-entrance type, right-exit-and-left-entrance type, right-exit-and-right- entrance type, circle type and right-turn ramp of oblique line type, single and compound curve type, reverse curve type, parallel type are chosen and the combined methods of the familiar three-leg interchange and four-leg interchange are studied. Since ramp is the key part of studying traffic pollution of interchange, the thesis starts with analyzing the change of vehicle travel speed when driving on the ramp, and then analyzes the impacts of ramps’slope and radius on vehicle speed. In the next place, on the principle of the vehicle pollutant emission and traffic noise energy accumulating gradually with the increased length of ramp, the thesis establishes the function between vehicle speed and the length of ramp, which settles the foundation of establishing relationship between pollutant emission, traffic noise energy and the length of ramps using the vehicle speed as the link.For studying the air pollution of interchange, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC ) and nitrogen oxide (NOx ) are chosen as the assessment factors. The thesis divides the vehicle into five types such as light-duty vehicle, medium-duty vehicle, heavt-duty vehicle, oversize vehicle and motorcycle. Besides, it provides the fitting relationship between emission factors of vehicular pollutants of the five vehicle types, three kinds of pollutant emission and vehicle speed, on the basis of summarizing, generalizing and consulting the research of the relationship between emission factors of vehicular pollutants and speed at home and abroad. Through the functional relationship between the speed and length of ramp, the functional relationship between the emission factors of vehicular pollutants and the length of ramp when accelerated traveling on the ramp is established, and the calculation formulae of emission of vehicular pollutant correspondent to the length of ramp is given through the integral operation, on the basis of which, through calculating the total amount of pollution of ramp and the main road, the whole amount of pollution of interchange is gotten. The thesis also presents the concept of the equivalent air pollution and provides the calculation formula of volume equivalent air pollution of interchange and extent equivalent air pollution of arterial road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp.For studying the traffic noise pollution of interchange, the thesis chooses the equivalent sound level as the assessment index and defines the concepts and calculation method of relative equivalent energy. On the basis of summarizing, generalizing and consulting the research of the relationship between noise level and speed at home and abroad, it provides the fitting relationship between relative equivalent energy and vehicle speed, and establishes the functional relationship between relative equivalent energy and the length of ramps. The total relative equivalent energy of vehicle correspondent to the length of ramp is given through the integral operation, and then, equivalent sound level of vehicle is presented, on the basis of which, through overlapping calculating equivalent sound level of vehicle on the ramp and the main road, the whole equivalent sound level of interchange is presented. The thesis also proposes the concept of the equivalent noise pollution and provides the calculation formula of volume equivalent noise pollution of interchange and extent equivalent noise pollution of main road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp.The thesis chooses fifteen indexes of three categories including equivalent air pollution, equivalent noise pollution and reduction coefficient. On the basis of comparing the methods of fuzzy synthetic evaluation、grey relevancy analyzing evaluation、hierarchical level assessment、neural network evaluation、matter element analysis evaluation and so on, matter element analysis method is chosen to evaluate the traffic pollution of the design of interchange. Through determining expected evaluation matter element, traditional matter element matrix and matter element matrix, calculating each index weighting, relating function and the subjection degree, and comprehensive evaluating the schemes, the thesis establishes traffic pollution evaluation model of interchange based on matter element analysis, and chooses the minimum traffic pollution plan from lots of design schemes.The main research results of the thesis are: proposing the decomposed method of left-turn and right-turn ramp and alinghment unit of interchange based on traffic pollution analysis; analyzing the course of speed change on the ramp and the influence factors, and establishing the functional relationship between speed and the length of ramps; establishing the functional relationship between emission factors of vehicular pollutants and the length of the ramp when traveling on ramps, and deducing the calculation formulae of emission of vehicular pollutants and the total emission of interchange pollutants; Proposing the concepts and calculation formulae of volume equivalent air pollution of interchange and extent equivalent air pollution of arterial road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp; presenting the concepts and calculation formulae of relative equivalent energy, establishing the functional relationship between the relative equivalent energy and the length of ramps, and deducing the calculation formulae of equivalent sound level of vehicle and of the whole interchange; Proposing the concepts and calculation formulae of volume equivalent noise pollution of interchange and extent equivalent air pollution of main road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp; Presenting traffic pollution evaluation model of interchange based on matter element analysis.更多还原