【作者】 徐晓丽；

【导师】 杨昭；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 制冷及低温工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 创造满足人体热舒适的室内微气候环境是构造建筑的最终目标。然而,能源的日益匮乏与追求高舒适性在一定程度上是一对矛盾。如何寻求一个平衡点,构造低能耗高舒适型建筑成为热点课题。本文以影响建筑能耗和人体热舒适性的因素为切入点,以复合墙体、智能围护结构、HV&AC系统中的冷源控制等现代舒适型建筑中的重要组成元素为对象展开研究。全文内容简介如下:(1)利用频域响应原理构建模型,分析复合实体墙的动态特性及其影响因素;采用有限元法研究矩形截面热桥影响区域;结合Fanger的热舒适性模型分析墙体内表面平均辐射温度对人体舒适性及系统能耗的影响;在冬、夏季典型气象条件下,分别模拟分析了复合墙体的内表面温度。(2)采用CFD技术耦合流固传热,分析了太阳墙在冬季集热、夏季通风隔热、过渡季通风及冬季预热等运行模式下的热特性;对集热墙体材料、墙体高度、空气层厚度、通风孔尺寸等感因子进行了分析。在CFD模拟基础上采用回归法和人工神经网络法建立了太阳墙的热特性预测分析模型。(3)对呼吸式玻璃幕墙热传递过程进行分析,利用CFD技术耦合光学模型、透过体系模型求解控制方程。分析了遮阳板位置、通道宽度、遮阳板角度、通风口面积、太阳辐射强度、室外空气温度、室外风向等敏感因子对其热特性的影响;给出了最佳截面尺寸并建立了基于π定理的通道内太阳能二次透过率无量纲模型和基于灰箱模型的壁面对流换热系数关联式。同时,对其冬季保温及过渡季通风换气特性给予分析。(4)基于解耦协同控制和人体热舒适原理,在仿真结果基础上,提出复合解耦控制策略并采用自适应模糊控制算法,以S7-300 PLC为中央控制器,设计了建筑内人工冷源智能控制系统。更多还原

【Abstract】 The function of building is to yield an agreeable indoor micro-climate that makes people feel comfortable. However ,in the modern society ,there is a conflict between the increasingly went short of energy and the highly thermal comfort. Thus , finding a balance point between the low energy and high thermal comfort in building is a hot topic .In the thesis , composite wall ,intelligent envelope ,artifical cold source control system in HV&AC etc and such the elements used in the modern ecotypic architecture are selected as the objects to make research, in which the cut-in points are the factors that influence the building thermal load and the human thermal comfort.The main contents are summarized as follows:(1) The transient thermal characteristic and the sensitive factors of composite wall are analyzed with method of FDR;With the finite element method ,the affected zone of rectangle thermal bridge in steady state is studied; furthermore ,the impact of mean radiant temperature on human thermal comfort and the energy consumption in building are analyzed with the thermal comfort model developed by the Fanger . Under the typical meteorologic condition in summer and winter ,the temperature of inner surface of composite wall is simulated .(2)The thermal performance of solar wall in different mode,such as the heat collection and pre-heating in winter ,heat insulation in summer, ventilation in spring and autumn are analyzed respectively by coupling the solid heat conduct and hydrokinetics with CFD technology ,moreover,the sensitive factors such as material ,height, thickness of air gap, vent area of trombe wall are investigated; the prediction models of thermal performance about trombe wall are given with the methods of artifical neural net and regression equations .(3)With the detailed analysis of the thermal process in glass double facade ,the system governing equations are solved by combing the CFD model with the optical model and transparent system model .The parametric study is carried out on the sensitive factors,such as the position of louver, louver salt angle, width of facade, area of vent ,solar irradiation, outdoor temperature, wind orientation .During the research , the optimal dimension is presented . With the CFD simulation results ,the dimensionless model founded on theπtheorem and the regression equations about convective heat transfer coefficients based on gray model are put forward. Furthermore, the thermal performance of double skin facade that operates in the modes of heat preservation in winter and air exchange and ventilation in spring and autumn are also discussed.(4)With the simulation results and the principle of decoupling and human thermal comfort , the compound-control strategy and the fuzzy self-adaption arithmetic are presented to design the artifical cold source control system ,in which the S7-300 PLC is used as the center controller .更多还原