【作者】 王养军；

【导师】 舒歌群；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 动力机械及工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 “能源与环境”是21世纪所面临的两大课题,随着人们生活节奏的加快和社会流动的加剧以及对生活品质要求的提高,选购轿车的性能标准除节能、安全、少污染之外,对乘坐舒适性的要求也越来越高。另外,车辆保有量和城市人口的增加使得城市道路交通噪声污染也日益严重,尤其是道路两侧居住区。文中分别针对三种车型在不同的行驶速度工况下的车内噪声进行测录,采用成对比较的方法由受试者进行评价,得出最终的主观评价值。针对这些声音样本提取出其客观的物理参量:响度、尖锐度、波动级、周期性和峭度,应用多元统计的方法和理论分析客观的物理参量和主观评价得分值之间量化的影响关系,建立起车辆声音品质的心理学评价模型。结果表明响度为影响声音品质的最重要因素,其次是峭度和周期性。其中周期性和波动级的权重系数为负值,说明随着这两者的增大车辆声音品质会得以适当的提高。该模型的建立过程和方法对于其它车型声音品质的评价研究同样具有重要的借鉴意义和价值。城市道路交通噪声受很多因素的影响,包括声源的产生以及传播的路径,噪声源产生的最主要影响因素为车流量、车速以及重型车的比例。文中采用等效车流的简化模型对城市道路交通噪声进行了预测与环境影响分析,通过实测结果的验证表明该预测模型的预测值与实测值的均值差分别为0.609dB(A),最大差值为1.321dB(A),同时大大简化了预测的过程,简便易行。道路交通噪声的控制更普遍采用的是声屏障和隔声门窗。文中针对这些措施进行了数值计算、FEM/BEM计算,声屏障的传声损失主要取决于声程差以及声音的频率。对于隔声窗传声损失的影响,除了入射角外,还有一个更为决定性的因子:单位面积的声阻抗。对于厚板,声阻抗已经成为传声损失的主要影响因素。同时进行了实验验证和分析,结果表明数值计算和实测结果存在一定的差异,但基本能够满足工程需要,同时采用计算的方法在实际条件、费用、方案的变更等方面是实验所不能比拟的。道路交通噪声的预测、分析与评价目前国内还没有一套完善的系统,基本上都是采用国外的系统。本课题在测试与分析的基础上开发了一套道路交通噪声的预测、分析和评价系统,结合我国的实际情况对各种预测模型进行了修正,实测结果表明修正的CRTN模型以及RLS90模型相对而言能够更好地预测交通噪声。更多还原

【Abstract】 “Energy and Environment”are the two great problems of the century, with the speedup of people’s life, development of society migration, and need of more comfortable life quality, beside of the standard of energy saving, safety, and pollution reducing, the demand of riding comfort becomes more and more important. In addition, the increase of vehicle retainment quantity and city population makes the problem of traffic noise pollution, which is especially severe in the inhabitation area beside of road.The paper aims at three different types of vehicle. After the noises were measured and stored at various speed conditions, then were evaluated by listeners adopting the method of paired comparison, the score of each noise sample can be obtained finally. For the noise samples the physical parameters were distilled: loudness, sharpness, fluctuation, periodicity and kurtsis. Using the method and theory of multiple statistics, the relationship between objective physical parameters and subjective evaluation scores was analyzed, and then the psychological evaluation model can be built up. The result shows that loudness is the most important factor, kurtosis and periodicity are the next, in which the weighing factors of periodicity and fluctuation are negative, and this indicates that the vehicle sound quality will be improved with the increase of periodicity and fluctuation. The based process and method of the model are use for reference and valuable for the study of the sound quality problem of other vehicle types.City road traffic noise is influenced by many factors, including the source and the transmitting path, in which the traffic volume, vehicle speed and ratio of heavy vehicle are the dominating factors. The paper predicted road traffic noise and analyzed environment influence using simplified equivalent vehicle volume model, the experiment result shows that the mean value between the prediction results using the model and measured values is 0.609dB(A), and the maximal difference value is 1.321dB(A). The model simplified the prediction process greatly and is simple and convenient to use.Hence the more usual control means of traffic noise is the adoption of sound barrier and sound insulation door and window. The paper carried through numerical calculation and FEM/BEM simulation, sound barrier soniferous loss mainly rest with distance difference and sound frequency, for sound insulation door and window there is a more definitive factor: sound impedance of per unit area other than the incidence angle. For thick plate, sound impedance has become the most importance factor. Also the experiment analysis and validation is proceeded, the, the outcome shows that the numerical computation can satisfy the engineering requirement in spite of the difference between numerical calculation and experiment, also the computation method is far more advantaged than experiment in practical condition, expenditure and alteration of scheme etc.There isn’t a full integrated system for prediction, analysis and evaluation of road traffic noise, foreign software is adopted for traffic noise. The paper developed a full integrated system for prediction, analysis and evaluation of road traffic noise on the basis of testing and analyzing, revised the diversified prediction models combined with our practical condition. The measurement results show that the modified CRTN and RLS90 model are more appropriate in road traffic noise prediction relatively.更多还原